@article { author = {Tageldin, Mostafa and Ismail, Hanan and Mowafy, Mohamed and El Sawa, Afaf}, title = {EFFECT OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATION OF HYALURONIC ACID ON ORTHODONTIC TOOTH MOVEMENT IN A RABBIT MODEL}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {46}, number = {Issue 1}, pages = {144-148}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2020.29374.1064}, abstract = {Introduction: Using a biocompatible material to control tooth movement and enhance anchorage may be a useful method to help the orthodontist to give better treatment results. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) local injection on orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and Methods: The sample size was 15 male New Zealand rabbits. Randomized prospective split mouth trial was conducted on each rabbit. A mesializing force was applied in both sides for 21 days. Group A (control): Saline was injected on day 0. Group B: HA 1% was injected. Tooth movements were measured on 3D models. Histological analysis of alveolar bone modeling was done at the end of the experiment. Results: The quadrant receiving HA showed less amount of tooth movement than that in the control quadrant. Local administration of HA yielded 10% less tooth movement. Histological analysis revealed less resorptive activity in the quadrant receiving HA. Conclusion: There was statistically significant reduction in orthodontic tooth movement magnitude after local HA administration as well as reduction in bone resorptive activity.}, keywords = {Hyaluronic acid,Rabbits,tooth movement}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_141688.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_141688_4eb02ec9160d61b71d7d78cb7066cc8b.pdf} } @article { author = {Mobarek, Naglaa and Khalil, Amani and Talaat, Dalia}, title = {THE IMPACT OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ON CHILDREN’S BEHAVIOR/DENTAL ANXIETY AND THEIR EXPOSURE TO MEDIA IN ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT (A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY)}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {46}, number = {Issue 1}, pages = {149-152}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2021.144892}, abstract = {could be a factor for development of behavior and anxiety problems among children.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of SES on children’s behavior management problems (BMP)/dental anxiety (DA) during dental treatment and their exposure to media in Alexandria, Egypt.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A group of 95 patients with age range from 5 to 8 years with simple carious primary molars enrolled in the study.Socioeconomic status was assessed using Fahmy and Elsherbini Scale and media habits were assessed by a questionnaire answered by the mother or the father during the first visit of each patient. After one week, dental procedure was done and behavior management problems/ dental anxiety were scored using Frankl Rating Scale and Clinical Anxiety Rating Scale respectively.RESULTS: There was no statistically significant relation between socioeconomic status, BMP/DA and exposure to media. However, BMP/DA was the highest at very low level, violent media exposure was the highest at middle level, exposure hours to media was the highest at both high and middle levels and finally, introduction to media exposure began at very young age range in high social level while it was at older age range in the very low social level in Alexandria, Egypt.CONCLUSION: Behavior management problems and DA were more associated with very low social level while total exposure hours to media was more associated with high and middle social levels in Egypt. However, there was no statistically significant relation between socioeconomic status, children's BMP/DA and their exposure to media.}, keywords = {socioeconomic status,Media,dental anxiety,Behavior problems,Electronic screens}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_144892.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_144892_8f4d197f0170940f2cffd7040abeb36a.pdf} } @article { author = {Beshara, Emmanuella and Sharaf, Aly and Wahba, Nadia}, title = {EFFECT OF PHENTOLAMINE MESYLATE ON THE INCIDENCE OF SELF-INFLICTED SOFT TISSUE INJURY FOLLOWING INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE BLOCK ANESTHESIA IN CHILDREN: (RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL)}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {46}, number = {Issue 1}, pages = {153-160}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2021.144848}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION:One of the shortcomings of local anesthesia (LA) is that the soft tissue anesthesia (STA) typically lasts for 3 to 5 hours while most routine dental procedures are completed in less than an hour. Pediatric patients particularly may accidently bite on their lips. OBJECTIVES: The study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of phentolamine mesylate (PM) on the reduction of the incidence of self-inflicted soft tissue injury (STI) and its effect on the time of return of normal function, after inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study is a blinded randomized controlled parallel group clinical trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio. A total of eighty pediatric patients, with an age range of 5-8 years, selected from the Pediatric Dentistry out-patient clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, after obtaining necessary consents. Inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia (2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine) was administered in the recommended dose. After completion of the operative procedure, participants were randomly allocated into 2 groups: study and control group. The experimental group received a PM injection using the same technique employed for administration of LA, in a cartridge ratio of 1:1. The control group did not receive any reversal agent. The incidence of self-inflicted STA and return to normal function were recorded post-operatively and STI was followed up after 24 hours. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the incidence of self-inflicted STI between the PM and control group except for the occurrence of ulcers after 24 hours (P=0.04). Phentolamine mesylate accelerated the median time of return to normal function (P =0.001). CONCLUSION: Phentolamine mesylate was efficacious in reducing the incidence of self-inflicted soft-tissue ulceration and accelerated the time of return to normal function after LA.}, keywords = {local anesthesia,Phentolamine mesylate,Soft tissue ulcer}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_144848.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_144848_768aab16cd15e931503e8024ede033a8.pdf} } @article { author = {Hamouda, Aliaa and Sharaf, Aly and Fathy, Hanan and Mikhael, Neveen}, title = {ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF SERUM AND SALIVARY PARAMETERS IN CHILDREN UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {46}, number = {Issue 1}, pages = {161-166}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2021.144847}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Various metabolic changes were elaborated in patients with chronic kidney disease which often require biochemical analysis of blood regularly. Saliva analysis has many advantages as an alternative to blood analysis. OBJECTIVE:  Evaluate levels of some parameters in saliva and serum including: urea, creatinine, calcium and phosphorus in children undergoing hemodialysis and to determine the correlation between saliva and serum regarding these parameters in order to evaluate salivary diagnostic potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS:  A cross sectional analytical study was conducted on children undergoing hemodialysis in Alexandria University Children’s Hospital (AUCH). A total of 20 patients were included in the present study of whom, 10 were boys (50%) and 10 were girls (50%) with a mean age 8.85 ± 2.74. Serum and salivary samples were collected from the  participants for analysis. Serum tests including Urea, creatinine (Cr), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and salivary tests including Urea, Cr, Ca and P were recorded in all subjects. RESULTS: There was significant a positive correlation (P <0.0001) between serum and salivary urea (r = 0.79), as well as between serum and salivary creatinine (r = 0.68). Besides, levels of phosphorus were significantly higher in saliva than in serum. However, levels of creatinine and calcium showed significantly lower levels in saliva compared to serum. CONCLUSION:  Outcomes of this study found that analysis of salivary creatinine and urea in patients with chronic kidney disease mirrored their levels in serum. Consequently, salivary creatinine and urea levels could be used non-invasively to measure serum urea and creatinine levels respectively in patients with chronic kidney disease which may be helpful in monitoring of these patients.}, keywords = {salivary parameters,serum parameters,children,Chronic Kidney Disease,Hemodialysis}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_144847.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_144847_e863e2163ebd11731570e045505c146e.pdf} } @article { author = {Hassanein, Passant and Khalil, Amani and Talaat, Dalia}, title = {EFFECTIVENESS OF MUCOSAL VIBRATION ON PAIN PERCEPTION DURING INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE BLOCK ADMINISTRATION IN CHILDREN (Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial)}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {46}, number = {Issue 1}, pages = {167-172}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2021.144853}, abstract = {clinic is the major concern especially when dealing with children. It is mandatory to use local anesthesia to keep any discomfort or pain to the minimum. Unfortunately, there is discomfort associated with injection especially inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) as it is considered as one of the most painful injections.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of DentalVibe (DV) and 20% benzocaine gel on pain perception experienced by boys and girls during inferior alveolar nerve block administration.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a cross over randomized controlled clinical trial where 60 children (30 males and 30 females) aged 5-7 years were selected from the outpatient clinic of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University after securing necessary consents. Children with bilateral mandibular molars indicated for pulpotomy treatment were included in the study. They were divided into 2 groups. During the first visit, IANB was performed either with vibration using DV at the injection side or after the application of 20% benzocaine gel. After two weeks, the alternative technique was used (cross-over). In each visit, subjective pain was evaluated using the Wong-Baker Faces pain rating scale (PRS).RESULTS: Wong Baker Faces PRS showed a statistically significant difference between DV and benzocaine gel groups in favor of DV (P ≤ 0.001); where DV group scored lower mean pain value (0.80 ± 1.34) while benzocaine gel scored 2.60 ± 3.22. Regarding gender influence, no significant difference was reported in the pain scores of the two pain reduction methods.CONCLUSION: The use of the DV injection system reduced the pain associated with IANB administration in children. Regarding gender, it was found to have no influence on pain perception.}, keywords = {Inferior alveolar nerve block,DentalVibe,Gender pain sensitivity,Wong-Baker Faces pain rating scale}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_144853.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_144853_ef5a8be6216229b58f6677468c423877.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibrahim, Huda and Abdelrahman, Amina}, title = {EFFECTIVENESS OF BENZOCAINE GELPATCH IN REDUCING PALATAL INJECTION PAIN IN PEDIATRIC DENTAL PATIENTS: A SPLIT-MOUTH RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {46}, number = {Issue 1}, pages = {173-178}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2020.22772.1040}, abstract = {Introduction: There is an urgent need to develop and improve techniques that decrease pain in the dental visit especially during injections. Topical anesthesia was found to be one of the most effective methods to control pain associated with injections in children. Objectives: we aimed in this study to evaluate the effectiveness of gel patch form of benzocaine anesthetic in comparison to oral benzocaine gel applied before palatal injection in children in reducing the pain associated with injection procedure. Materials and Methods: A randomized split-mouth clinical trial was carried out with a sample of 32 children ranging in age between 6 and 8 years old that met the inclusion criteria. Each participant attended two visits to receive both forms of topical anesthetics and the outcome was measured using Face Pain Scale- Revised (FPS-R) and Sound Eye Motor (SEM) scales. Results: A highly statistical significant difference was found between the two forms of benzocaine in reducing pain. Both FPS- R and SEM scales gave lower scores when BZC gel patch was applied with P=.0001 and P=.001 respectively. Conclusion: Benzocaine gel patch form has a superior effect in reducing pain associated with palatal injection in children.}, keywords = {Benzocaine,topical,oral patch,Pain,dental anesthesia}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_127977.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_127977_c941e1caabcb9d96137ce5da12d8e442.pdf} } @article { author = {Zeitoun, Sarah and Khalil, Amani and Wahba, Nadia and Sayed, Mohammed}, title = {The Use of a Respiratory Biofeedback Device to Reduce Dental Anxiety in Children: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {46}, number = {Issue 1}, pages = {179-184}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2020.25911.1054}, abstract = {Introduction: Dental anxiety occurs when the patient presents to the dentist with the anticipation of dental treatment. Many children react to dental stressful situations through uncooperative behaviors. Objectives: Investigate the effect of a respiratory biofeedback device (RESPeRATETM) in reduction of preoperative anxiety in children undergoing dental procedures under local anesthesia. Materials and methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial comprising 110 healthy children, of age range 7-12 years, were selected. Their scores were 19 or more according to the Faces version of Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups: Study and Control group. For both groups, heart rate was recorded prior to local anesthesia administration and a salivary sample was collected to measure the salivary amylase. The study group was submitted to a session of respiratory biofeedback “RESPeRATETM”. The control group was managed by a routine behavioral management technique “Tell, Show and Do”. Infiltration or block local anesthesia injections were administered, after which heart rate measurement and salivary sample was repeated. T and paired T tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Heart rate decreased significantly in the study group (P=0.001), and increased significantly in the control group (P=0.002). There were non-significant changes among both groups regarding salivary amylase. A weak correlation was found between heart rate and salivary amylase. Conclusions: “RESPeRATETM” group showed a decrease in dental anxiety, as evidenced by decreased heart rate. “RESPeRATETM” can be used effectively before dental procedures for anxious children. Salivary alpha amylase was a poor stress biomarker.}, keywords = {dental anxiety,RESPeRATETM,Salivary Alpha Amylase,Respiratory biofeedback}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_140578.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_140578_fe3d8b0a5e5ebbd6f8747eae9bb63ef1.pdf} } @article { author = {ElKhatib, Amira and Wahba, Nadia and Dowidar, Karin and Ghoneim, Tamer}, title = {COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ONSET, DURATION AND SAFETY BETWEEN MIDAZOLAM, DEXMEDETOMIDINE SEDATION AND THEIR COMBINATION IN PRESCHOOLERS: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {46}, number = {Issue 1}, pages = {185-192}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2020.25527.1053}, abstract = {Introduction: Dental anxiety is a global problem in pediatric dentistry. Moderate sedation is an acceptable option for uncooperative preschoolers dental patients. Objective: To compare midazolam (MDZ), dexmedetomidine (DEX) and their combination (DEX/MDZ) as sedative drugs for preschoolers undergoing dental treatment regarding onset, duration and safety of sedation. Materials and methods: The study was a three-arm randomized clinical trial with a parallel design. Seventy-two healthy uncooperative preschoolers were selected from the Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt. The participants were randomly allocated into, control group received 0.5mg/kg MDZ, study group I received 5µg/kg DEX, and study group II received 0.3mg/kg MDZ followed by 3µg/kg DEX. Each child received quadrant treatment. Time until optimum sedation and recovery were recorded. Vital signs were recorded throughout the treatment session. Results: All children were comparable regarding demography, physical status and baseline vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation). There was a statistically significant difference regarding onset and duration of the effect of sedative drugs (P=<0.001). Dexmedetomidine had the most delayed onset of action (17.08 ± 5.88 min), while DEX/ MDZ had the longest duration of action (68.13 ± 17.12). There was a significant decrease in blood pressure throughout the sedation session for all children. Children who were sedated with DEX and DEX/MDZ had a significant decrease in heart rate than children sedated with MDZ. No statistically significant effect of drugs on oxygen saturation levels was recorded. Conclusion: Midazolam, Dexmedetomidine and their combination are safe drugs during moderate sedation for children undergoing dental treatment.}, keywords = {midazolam,Dexmedetomidine,Moderate sedation,Dental sedation,preschool children}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_140550.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_140550_f0bb2001ed355d87d1a862f9b5bd6094.pdf} }