@article { author = {Mobarak, A. and Moussa, S. and Zaazou, A. and Abdelfattah, H.}, title = {COMPARISON OF BACTERIAL CORONAL LEAKAGE BETWEEN DIFFERENT OBTURATION MATERIALS (AN IN VITRO STUDY)}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2015.56488}, abstract = {Introduction: Bacteria and their by-products are the main cause of pulpal and periapical diseases. That is why all routes between root canal system and peridontium should be sealed to prevent bacterial leakage. Objectives: Was to compare the coronal bacterial leakage between different obturation materials. Materials and methods: Sixty single-canaled lower premolars were used in this study. Teeth were decoronated to standardize root length to 12 mm. Instrumentation was done using Protaper universal rotary system to file size F4, then teeth were divided into six groups, four experimental and two control (n=10). Group I: obturation was done using CPoint and Endosequence bioceramic sealer using single-cone technique; Group II: obturation was done using Protaper gutta percha and Endosequence bioceramic sealer; Group III: obturation was done using Protaper gutta percha and Adseal resin sealer; Group IV: obturation was done using Protaper gutta percha and MTA Fillapex sealer; Group V: used as positive control; Group VI: used as negative control. Groups II, III, IV, VI were obturated using lateral condensation technique. A split-chamber microbial leakage model was used to detect bacterial leakage. Turbidity in the lower chamber was observed daily for 60 days. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Monte-Carlo test. Results: all experimental groups showed leakage throughout the study period, Group I showed the best results with a mean of (37.30 ± 23.61) days while Group II and III showed nearly equal results with a mean of (32.10 ± 22.57) and (33.10 ± 19.90) days, respectively. Group IV showed a mean of (16.90 ± 8.21) days and was found to be statistically significant than the other groups (P= 0.048). Conclusions: None of the tested materials were able to provide a complete hermetic seal. CPoint with endosequence bioceramic sealer provided the best coronal seal while MTA Fillapex was the worst. CPoint obturation system can be an alternative to lateral condensation technique. }, keywords = {endodontics,Bacterial leakage,CPoint,Endosequence bioceramic sealer,Adseal,MTA Fillapex}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_56488.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_56488_b92214d9b26eccfe8cfab1dd5d899bd5.pdf} } @article { author = {Oraby, M S and Sharara, A A and Fahmy, M H}, title = {CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE USE OF PROCEED ® MESH IN RECONSTRUCTION OF ORBITAL FLOOR FRACTURES: CLINICAL TRIAL}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {8-14}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2015.58723}, abstract = {Introduction: Orbital fracture is a common type of midfacial trauma. Its proper treatment is considered a challenging situation. Otherwise orbital complications; as diplopia, limited ocular motility, enophthalmos, hypoglobus and infraorbital dysesthesia; may occur. Proceed® mesh consists of polypropylene soft mesh encapsulated with polydioxanone (PDS) and layered with oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC). It is a widely used mesh in hernia repair which is proved to be safe and suitable. The ORC component provides the mesh with some properties differ from other materials. It provides a physical barrier to decrease the adhesion between the mesh and orbital tissue. It is a commonly used hemostatic agent. In addition, it is proved to be antibacterial against many resistant species. The PDS component attaches the ORC with polypropylene soft mesh. Objectives: We aimed in this study to evaluate Proceed® mesh clinically in reconstruction of orbital floor defects in seven patients. Materials and Methods: Indications for intervention were diplopia, enophthalmos, minimal clinical improvement over time under drug therapy, ocular limited motility, dystopia, defect more than 50% of the orbital floor and progressive infraorbital hypoesthesia. The ORC side of the mesh was placed facing orbital soft tissue, while polypropylene side was placed towards orbital bony wall. The follow-up schedule was 3 days postoperatively then once weekly for two weeks and then monthly for 6 months. Results: Clinically, most patients recovered from diplopia, dystopia, ocular restriction and enophthalmos. Two patients had transitory postoperative diplopia (for 1 week), that may be due to postoperative muscle weakness. One patient out of four suffered from preoperative ocular restriction, had no or slight improvement postoperatively. Two patients complained from inflammatory reaction within 2-4 weeks postoperatively, resolved by antiinflammatory and antibiotic administration. Conclusion: The study concluded that Proceed® mesh is a suitable material for orbital floor reconstruction, especially in cases of small to medium defects (< 3 cm 2 )}, keywords = {orbital floor,Proceed® mesh,implant material,prolene mesh}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58723.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58723_fdb8b679c0a5247fd1ee81932e2f0326.pdf} } @article { author = {Youssef, M and Shaaban, A M and Eldibany, R}, title = {THE CORRELATION BETWEEN BONE DENSITY AND IMPLANT STABILITY}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {15-21}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2015.58726}, abstract = {Introduction: Long-term studies have documented the successful treatment of edentulous and partially edentulous patients with endosseous titanium implants. Success rates between 81% and 93% have been reported. Successful treatment with endosseous implants is dependent upon a complex relationship of numerous factors. Bone density and implant stability are important factors for implant osseointegration which has been widely demonstrated by several authors. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the correlation between bone density estimated by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and stability of dental implants estimated by resonance frequency analysis using Osstell ISQ. Materials and methods: Ten dentis s-clean tapered implants were inserted in posterior mandibular edentulous spaces in ten adult patients. The bone density of implants recipient sites were determined by density value (HU) using CBCT. And the implants’ stability were determined by quantitative unit called implant stability quotient (ISQ) measured by resonance frequency analysis using Osstell ISQ. Both values were determined immediately post-operatively and on intervals of 3&6 months. Results: The mean implant stability value was 67.3 ± 9.14 immediately post-operatively, then increased on the 3rd month to be 72.3 ± 3.95 & 75.2 ± 5.33 on the 6th month, there was a statistical significant increase. Also the results of the present study showed that the mean bone density value was 827.96 ± 206.85 immediately post-operatively, then increased to 890.67 ± 138 & 1018.0 ± 149.79 on the 3 rd and 6th months respectively, there was a statistical significant increase. Conclusion: There was no correlation between bone density and implant stability}, keywords = {bone density,implant stability,cone beam CT,resonance frequency analysis}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58726.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58726_cb9d4b2d6cb59b98f146f48d5dc7ca7c.pdf} } @article { author = {Sager, M and Darwish, S and Melek, L}, title = {THE EFFECT OF BIOSCAFFOLD ALVELAC™ IN PRESERVATION OF ALVEOLAR BONE AFTER EXTRACTION OF TEETH (CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY)}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {22-26}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2015.58729}, abstract = {Introduction: After tooth extraction, the extraction socket heals by forming a blood clot which leads to the formation of new bone within 3-4 months. Although bone deposition in the socket will continue for several months, it will not reach the crestal level of the neighboring teeth. Objective: Is to clinically and radiographically evaluate the use of Bioscaffold Alvelac™ in preservation of dimensional measure of alveolar bone after extraction of teeth. Materials and methods: This study was conducted on twelve patients divided in to two equal groups (study group and control group). Indicated for extraction of anterior maxillary teeth, in the study group, the bioscaffold Alvelac™ was inserted into the empty socket after extraction and was supported by 3-0 silk with figure of eight sutures. In the control group, extraction of upper anterior teeth was done without introducing any material and the wound was sutured. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease of alveolar bone width and height in both groups at three months postoperative interval compared with the bone width and height at the immediate postoperative period. Conclusion: Immediate tooth extraction stabilizes the bioscaffold Alvelac™ material in the socket and allows it to act as a scaffold for bone deposition. From this study, it is clear that, this material allows preservation of the dimensional measure of the alveolar bone.}, keywords = {Tooth extraction,alveolar bone,Socket preservation,Scaffold,Alvelac™}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58729.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58729_39c807a2f26a511d0927f6a1835626b2.pdf} } @article { author = {Moustafa, H and Omar, S and Osman, S and Kawana, K}, title = {EFFECT OF COLLATAPE® COLLAGEN WOUND DRESSING ALONE AND COMBINED WITH INGENIOS® SYNTHETIC BONE GRAFT ON THE SOCKET HEALING IN RABBITS}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {27-32}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2015.58731}, abstract = {Introduction: Socket preservation enhances healing and reduces bone loss during healing of extraction socket. Objectives: To assess the effect of bio-absorbable collagen wound dressing (CollaTape®; Zimmer) on the of healing of extraction sockets in rabbits when applied alone and combined with IngeniOs Beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) synthetic bone particles. Materials and methods: Sixteen rabbits were included in this study in which lower left first premolars were extracted and then divided into three groups including: Control group (4 animals) in which the sockets were left for normal healing, Collatape group (the sockets were closed with CollaTape collagen wound dressing alone) and IngeniOs β-TCP group (6 animals) in which the sockets were filled with synthetic bone particles and were closed with CollaTape collagen wound dressing. Euthanasia were done 2 and 6 weeks respectively. Socket healing was examined and evaluated histologically and analyzed histomorphometrically. Results: At 2 weeks of healing, it was observed in all groups that the sockets were filled with newly formed woven bone. The percentage of newly formed bone was lowest in control group followed by Collatape group while β-TCP group showed highest values. At 6 weeks healing period, the socket entrance was sealed with compact bone and the rest of the socket was filled with trabecular bone. β-TCP group showed the highest values of the percentage of the formed bone. Conclusions: It was confirmed that IngeniOs β-TCP enhances bone formation during socket healing and could be used for socket preservation}, keywords = {socket healing,β-TCP,bone graft,Collatape}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58731.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58731_5a659cf53bd10a81d51238a80db6fe78.pdf} } @article { author = {Gaber, M and Saleh, M and Elba, G}, title = {EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF CHOLECALCIFEROL ON TITANIUM IMPLANT OSSEOINTEGRATION (AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {33-39}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2015.58732}, abstract = {Introduction: Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) is essential for bone mineralization and for the subsequent maintenance of bone quality. Supplementation with Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is reported to show positive effects on bone mineral density Objectives: Evaluation of the effect of Cholecalciferol on dental implant osseointegration. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on fourteen adult male mongrel dogs.Dogs were divided equally into two groups, control group and study group, seven dogs in each group. Extraction of mandibular right premolar and insertion of immediate titanium implant had been done for all dogs in both groups, and then only the dogs of the study group received Cholecalciferol for four weeks. Histological and radiographical evaluations were carried out after twelve weeks postoperatively for both groups. Results: Histological results revealed improved bone healing in the study group, as shown by marked osteoblastic activity and accelerated woven bone formation, and absence of chronic inflammatory cells. The highest rate of bone ingrowth occurred in the study group. Radiograghical evaluation revealed that the peri-implant bone density had increased significantly in the study group. Conclusion: These results indicated that Cholecalciferol vitamin D3 has systemic effects on accelerating bone formation around titanium implant}, keywords = {Cholecalciferol,vitamin D3,Dental implants,osseointegration}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58732.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58732_b08f88d816ac4d0bae1d31259ad33882.pdf} } @article { author = {Gawish, A and Osman, S and Shokry, M}, title = {EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF THE HIGH INSERTION TORQUE ON THE IMMEDIATELY LOADED DENTAL IMPLANTS (CLINICAL & RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY)}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {40-45}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2015.58733}, abstract = {Introduction: The ideal insertion torque values for placing dental implants to be immediately loaded is unknown, therefore it may be useful to evaluate the effect of insertion torque values on immediately loaded dental implants. Objectives: was to evaluate clinically and radiographically the placement of immediately loaded single implants inserted with high insertion torque (> 70 N.cm). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on twelve patients divided in to two groups (study group and control group) with missed mandibular posterior teeth, Zimmer Swissplus Implants were inserted using Aseptico motor implant system, insertion torque was measured digitally. In the control group implants were inserted with medium torque (25-35 N.cm) while in the study group implants were inserted with high torque (>70 N.cm). Results: There was a statistically significant increase in bone density around the implants in the study group at 6 months postoperative compared with the control group. Conclusions: the use of high insertion torque (up to 70 N.cm) neither prevented osseointegration nor increased marginal bone resorption around tapered multithreaded dental implants placed in posterior mandible. Also there is statistically significant correlation between insertion torque and bone density around implants placed in posterior mandible.}, keywords = {Dental implants,insertion torque,immediate loading}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58733.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58733_13caa0e1aac0dafa2e4412b72f2cfd33.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd El-Wahed, MI and Zaazou, AM and El Mallakh, BF}, title = {APICAL SEALING EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT OBTURATION TECHNIQUES OVER APICALLY BROKEN ROTARY NICKEL-TITANIUM FILES (AN IN VITRO STUDY)}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {46-50}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2015.58734}, abstract = {Introduction: A broken instrument within the root canal is a panic problem which one should never wish to occur during routine endodontic therapy. However, the decision regarding how to manage this problem is complex. Therefore, the clinician must evaluate carefully the options of treatment; retrieving the instrument; bypassing the instrument; or leaving the fractured instrument in the canal as part of the final root canal filling. Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the sealing ability of three obturation techniques over apically broken nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) ProTaper file. Materials and methods: Forty eight extracted human single-rooted mandibular premolars were prepared using ProTaper files (PT) and subjected to breakage of 3mm from F5 tip at the apical one third of the canal. The canals were randomly divided into three groups of 12 teeth each according to type of obturation technique; E&Q plus obturation, using a Thermafil obturator, or lateral compaction technique. The remaining 12 teeth served as positive controls which contained canals with apically broken files only without any type of obturation. Apical leakage was assessed by the dye penetration method in which all teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 48 hours. Then the specimens were longitudinally split into two halves. Linear dye penetration was measured in millimeters under a stereomicroscope for each specimen. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc tests. Results: The results showed no statistically significant difference in apical leakage between the three obturation techniques used over apically broken F5 files. Conclusions: All obturation techniques used over apically broken PT files played a significant role in the sealing ability}, keywords = {apically broken file,ProTaper,obturation technique,apical leakage}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58734.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58734_b352702a581f47327d79e3d1ced73f27.pdf} } @article { author = {Sinbel, A and Shaaban, A and Shokry, M}, title = {THE EFFICACY OF ARTHROCENTESIS ON RESTORING MANDIBULAR FUNCTION IN UNILATERAL SUBCONDYLAR FRACTURE FOLLOWING MAXILLOMANDIBULAR FIXATION (A CLINICO-RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY)}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {51-57}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2015.58736}, abstract = {Introduction: Arthrocentesis can be used as a treatment modality in cases of subcondylar fracture treated with maxillomandibular fixation to restore the normal mandibular movements. Objective: Was to evaluate the efficacy of arthrocentesis on restoring mandibular function in unilateral subcondylar fracture following maxillomandibular fixation. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on twenty patients suffering from unilateral subcondylar fracture with/without contra-lateral parasymphyseal or body fracture where open reduction with plate fixation for the contralateral fracture and closed reduction with 2 weeks MMF for the subcondylar fracture was done. The patients were divided into two groups: Group I (study group) in which ten patients were treated with active mobilization and arthrocentesis following MMF removal, and Group II (control group) in which ten patients were treated with only active mobilization following MMF removal. Groups I & II were also subdivided into A & B each involved five patients with isolated subcondylar fracture and five patients with contralateral parasymphyseal or body fracture in addition. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in pain and edema and a statistically significant increase in the mouth opening, lateral excursive and protrusive movements in addition to the bite force through-out all follow up periods in the study group especially after the application of arthrocentesis in comparison to the control group. Conclusions: Arthrocentesis (TMJ lavage) was an effective procedure for washing out inflammatory mediators present within the TMJ following the exposure to trauma and showed a significant improvement in mandibular movements immediately after performing it. This helped in improving the quality of the patients’ life enabling them to practice their usual activities and return back to normal life starting from the second week postoperatively i.e patients rehabilitation occurred in a short period.}, keywords = {Arthrocentesis,Subcondylar fracture,maxillomandibular fixation}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58736.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58736_d8e3a1c23d7a63a7bc463f4e16dfb2ea.pdf} } @article { author = {Hamed, S and Zaazou, A and Leheta, N}, title = {EVALUATION OF TWO DIFFERENT MATERIALS FOR PRE-ENDODONTIC RESTORATION OF BADLY DESTRUCTED TEETH}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {58-64}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2015.58737}, abstract = {Introduction: Pulpal and periradicular diseases develop when microorganisms and/or their by-products contaminate these tissues. Therefore, the major goal of endodontic restoration is to prevent the penetration of microorganisms into the coronal pulpal space and root canal system. Objectives: To evaluate and compare the sealing ability of two intermediate temporary filling materials in badly destructed teeth reinforced with stainless steel bands and to evaluate the adaptation of these materials upon application of clamps and rubber dam material. Materials and methods: 65 mature maxillary premolar teeth were used in this study. This study was divided in two parts. Part I: evaluation of coronal leakage by glucose penetration model and spectrophotometer. Teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n=10) and a control group (n=15). Access cavities and stimulation of loss of tooth structure were done. Instrumentation till apical size # 35 and reinforcement with stainless steel bands were done. Group I: teeth were filled with Cavit-G (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany); Group II: teeth were filled with CLIP (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany); Group III: used as positive and negative control group. Measurement of coronal leakage was performed at the 3rd, 7th and 15th day. Part II: evaluation of adaptation of coronal restoration by using 2.5x magnifying loupes and USPHS criteria, grouping was done as before but ten teeth were used as positive controls. Results: Part I; CLIP (group II) showed the least glucose leakage with median change of leakage (1052.45) mg/dl followed by Cavit-G (Group I) with median change of (2828.55) mg/dl. The difference was statistically significant (P= 0.001). In part II; results were statistically significant (p=0.001), where the CLIP group showed better adaptation than Cavit-G group. Conclusions: CLIP seals against marginal leakage better than Cavit-G. CLIP provides better adaptation than Cavit-G on application of clamps and rubber dam.}, keywords = {endodontics,temporary filling materials,coronal leakage,Cavit-G,CLIP}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58737.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58737_85a6fd463f20e37e093f98aba08174db.pdf} } @article { author = {Elhomiamy, E and Aboushady, Y and El Malakh, B}, title = {WEAR BEHAVIOUR AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF POLYMER INFILTRATED CERAMIC MATERIAL COMPARED TO PRESSABLE GLASS CERAMIC}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {65-70}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2015.58738}, abstract = {Introduction: Multiple restorative materials with various chemical, mechanical and physical characteristics are used as permanent dental restorations. The appropriate selection of a restorative material is crucial for preserving the occlusal harmony and normal masticatory function. Several aspects during selection of restorative materials should be considered, among which are the wear behaviour and abrasive nature of the restorative materials and natural enamel. Objectives: The study determines the two-body wear and surface roughness measurement, of polymer infiltrated ceramic (Vita Enamic) and pressable lithium disilicate based ceramic (IPS e.max press). Materials and methods: Two-body wear was investigated in custom made tooth wear brushing machine (60,000 cycles, 20 N and 60 cycle/min). The test specimens were divided into two groups, each group consisted of 8 ceramic specimens and 8 enamel cusp antagonists. Quantitative analysis of wear was carried out with subtractive weight loss of all specimens before and after wear test. Surface roughness measurements were evaluated before and after the wear test using a white light interference microscope. The data was collected and statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney (U) test. Results: Statically significant differences were found for two-body wear, with Vita Enamic samples show lower wear loss than IPS e.max press samples and cause less enamel wear loss. The Vita Enamic showed lower surface roughness and caused less surface roughness to enamel cusp antagonist than IPS e.max press samples. Conclusions: Vita Enamic revealed lower wear loss contributed by terms of weight loss and surface roughness change than IPS e.max press. IPS e.max press contributed to more surface roughness and wear loss of opposing enamel than Vita Enamic.}, keywords = {CAD/CAM,Two-body wear,Tooth brushing wear,Surface roughness}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58738.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58738_c3bb40daaae80a4332ca6a284a5a2e4a.pdf} } @article { author = {Elbaradie, R and Ossman, S and Eldibany, R}, title = {EVALUATION OF PLATELET RICH FIBRIN IN SINUS LIFTING WITH SIMULTANEOUS IMPLANT PLACEMENT}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {72-78}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2015.58739}, abstract = {Introduction: Rehabilitation of the edentulous posterior maxilla with dental implants is challenging. The deficient alveolar ridge interferes with implant insertion of adequate length placed in the correct position and with the accurate inclination. The maxillary sinus elevation procedure has become an important preprosthetic surgical procedure for bone creation in the posterior maxilla prior to implant placement. The use of PRF during sinus-lift procedures has been advocated for many years. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the use of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) following sinus lifting with piezosurgery and simultaneous implant placement. Materials and methods: 7 patients were selected to perform sinus lifting with simultaneous implant placement using PRF as a sole agent and piezosurgery device. Results: Cone beam computerized tomography 6 months postoperatively showed statistically significant increase in bone height and density. The mean of the newly formed bone height was (6.55 ± 1.14 mm). The mean postoperative bone height measured from the floor of the maxillary sinus and alveolar crest was (11.35 ± 0.56 mm). The mean of the newly formed bone density was 507 HU. The mean of the postoperative bone density around the implants after 6 months was (547.71 ± 188.42 HU). The mean marginal bone loss was (0.82 ± 0.25 mm). Conclusion: PRF could be successfully used as a sole agent for bone regeneration in lateral sinus lifting with simultaneous implant placement.}, keywords = {lateral sinus lifting,Platelet rich fibrin,piezosurgery,Implants,bone density}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58739.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58739_926425dfd1de7410f9cff52f5480b6d2.pdf} } @article { author = {El Sayed, E and Khalil, A and Saleh, M}, title = {CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHICAL EVALUATION OF IMMEDIATE IMPLANT VERSUS DELAYED IMPLANT AFTER SOCKET PRESERVATION OF UPPER ANTERIOR TEETH}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {79-85}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2015.58740}, abstract = {Introduction: After tooth extraction, the alveolar bone remodeled and resorbed. The preservation of ridge resorption following tooth extraction through socket grafting helped to optimize bony fill, thereby maintaining vertical bone height and helped to stabilize the marginal soft tissue at the site. Adequate bone allowed the implant to be placed in the most ideal restorable position in a three dimensional aspect which yielded higher longterm success. Objectives: Clinical and radiographical evaluation of immediate post extraction implants versus delayed implants after socket preservation. Materials and Methods: 14 patients were selected for this study and divided into two groups, study group consist of 7 patients with extracted upper anterior teeth and the sockets have been preserved with Easy-graft material, the implants were placed after 6 months of healing. In control group implants were placed immediately after extraction of upper anterior teeth with placement of Easy-graft material around them. Results: Clinical evaluation of all patients showed no signs of gingival inflammation and none of the implants showed any signs of mobility all over the study period. Regarding peri-implant probing depth and marginal bone height, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: There was no difference between immediate implant and delayed implant after socket preservation with regards to the marginal bone height and bone density.}, keywords = {Socket preservation,delayed,Immediate,Implants}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58740.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58740_2e3c7bdf3c21281b77f8a230cb7f3deb.pdf} } @article { author = {Wakuloba, G and Mahallawy, A and Ragab, H}, title = {EVALUATION OF DYNAMIC COMPRESSION MINIPLATES IN TREATMENT OF MANDIBULAR ANGLE FRACTURES USING TROCAR}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {86-93}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2015.58741}, abstract = {Introduction: Mandibular angle fractures (MAFs) account for 23% to 42% of all mandibular fractures. The frequent involvement of the angle in mandibular fractures can be attributed to its thin cross-sectional bone area and the presence of a third molar Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically and radiologically the use of two dynamic compression miniplates in treatment of mandibular angle fractures using Trocar instrumentation Materials and methods: The study was conducted on ten patients diagnosed with a single mandibular angle fracture indicated for open reduction and internal fixation. The fracture was exposed through transoral vestibular incision and reduced under general anesthesia. Third molar tooth in the fracture line was extracted. Temporary Maxillomandibular fixation was done using 26gauge stainless steel wires with arch bars. One dynamic compression miniplate was fixed on the external oblique ridge. The second miniplate was fixed on the lower border of the mandible using Trocar instrumentation. Results: Pain, edema and trismus decreased significantly over the follow up period. Maximum interincisal mouth opening and bone density along the fracture line increased significantly over the follow up period. Five patients had parasthesia of the inferior alveolar and mental nerve preoperatively. The parasthesia decreased progressively from the fourth week. Postoperative panorama radiographs showed adequate reduction and increase in bone density along the fracture line. No postoperative complication occurred. Conclusion: Two 2.0 mm dynamic compression miniplates are suitable for treatment of mandibular angle fractures using Trocar instrumentation.}, keywords = {Dynamic compression miniplates,mandibular angle fractures,Trocar}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58741.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58741_909e3e03d7740b60ea478747d2843777.pdf} } @article { author = {Bayoumi, M and Hanno, A and Sharaf, A}, title = {Effect of Triclosan Toothpaste on Gingivitis and Plaque Accumulation in Children Wearing Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: A Randomized Clinical Trial}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {94-100}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2015.58742}, abstract = {Introduction: The greatest preventive challenge in dentistry is the control of dental biofilm and consequently avoiding dental caries and gingival inflammation. As an adjunct to the mechanical oral hygiene measures, chemical antimicrobial agents seem to offer great benefits in the control of plaque formation and gingivitis, especially in high risk patients wearing orthodontic appliances. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Triclosan (0.3%) Colgate Total® on gingivitis and plaque formation in patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and methods: Fifty children wearing fixed orthodontic appliances with an age range of 9 to 13 years were randomly assigned into 2 groups (test and control). The test group received the Colgate Total® toothpaste containing 0.32% sodium fluoride and 0.3% Triclosan. The control group received maxfresh® toothpaste containing 0.22% sodium fluoride. All patients were examined clinically to assess their gingival condition using the Plaque index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Sulcular Bleeding Index (SBI) at follow up periods of 1, 2 and 3 months. Each group shifted to use the alternative agent after a washout period of 10 days to prevent the carryover effect of Triclosan. Results: Showed that the Triclosan toothpaste users experienced significant reduction in plaque accumulation and gingivitis compared to the fluoride toothpaste users in the first and second follow up periods. The results also showed significant difference compared to the baseline. Conclusion: Triclosan toothpaste proved to have marked antiplaque and antigingivitis effects. Triclosan toothpaste proved to counteract the aggravated gingival effects that can be introduced by the fixed orthodontic appliances in children at the age of puberty}, keywords = {Triclosan,Toothpaste,plaque,gingivitis,children,orthodontic appliances}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58742.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58742_5bfe2ce1d87e2bdb77c3da75a1348a58.pdf} } @article { author = {Maani, S and Saleh, M and Melek, L and Sadaka, M}, title = {EVALUATION OF COLLOIDAL SILVER GELATIN SPONGE (GELATAMP) IN PATIENTS RECEIVING ANTICOAGULANT AFTER TOOTH EXTRACTION (CLINICAL STUDY)}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {101-106}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2015.58743}, abstract = {Introduction: Patients with a history of heart attack or stroke may take anticoagulant. Because these are anticoagulant medications, bleeding time after dental treatments, may be prolonged. Gelatamp is made of 95% foam gelatin sponge and 5% finely dispersed colloidal silver. Gelatamp has the great advantages of both haemostatic and bactericidal effect. Objectives: To evaluate clinically the use of Gelatamp to avoid postoperative dry socket and bleeding in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy without altering the medication dosage. Materials and methods: This study was conducted on fifty patients indicated for teeth extraction divided into two equal groups. Study group consisting of 25 patients who received their medicine as usual and extraction was done followed by insertion of gelatamp in the socket and supported with heavy pack. Control group consisting of 25 patients who stopped their medicine until INR reached 1.6 and Prothrombin activity more than 60% after that extraction was done and the socket was supported with heavy pack. The patients were monitored for 24 hours in both groups. Results: Adequate socket healing was detected in all patients of both groups. Conclusion: Gelatamp is an effective material as local hemostatic agent after extraction for anticoagulant patients (within the therapeutic range of INR) without interruption of their medicine.}, keywords = {Anticoagulant,Tooth extraction,Gelatamp,Local hemostatic agent,Cardiac patients}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58743.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58743_09e85f31f293a2e2f3c32a8ae6d91556.pdf} } @article { author = {Wahba, W and Sharaf, A and Bakery, N and Nagui, D}, title = {EVALUATION OF POLYMER BUR FOR CARIOUS DENTIN REMOVAL IN PRIMARY TEETH}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {107-112}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2015.58744}, abstract = {Introduction: The development of a self-limiting caries removal technique would be of great clinical importance. Smart bur II is a relatively new bur in the dental market and its manufacturer is claiming that it is the ultimate bur for selective caries removal. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate caries removal time and efficacy of Smart bur II in comparison with conventional carbide bur. Material and methods: Twenty-three children, each with bilateral primary canine showing comparable class V carious lesions were selected for this study. They were randomly divided into two groups. Group I (n=30): caries was removed using the Smart bur II, Group II (n=30): caries was removed using the conventional carbide bur. The efficacy of caries removal was evaluated by “tug-back” sensation. Time needed for caries removal in both groups was recorded in seconds. An additional group of seven extracted carious primary canine were randomly selected for the in vitro study. Teeth were cut into 2 halves through center of the lesion, one half was subjected to caries removal using Smart bur II as in group I and conventional carbide bur was used in the other half as in group II. The specimen were prepared and topographic features of dentin after caries removal was evaluated using the scanning electron microscope. Results: The comparison of caries removal efficiency between smart bur II and carbide bur showed that the smart bur II completely removed caries in 11 cases accounting for 36.6% and incompletely removes caries in 19 cases accounting for 63.4%. While the carbide bur completely removed caries in 28 cases accounting for 93.3% and incompletely remove caries in 2 cases accounting for 6.7%. Caries removal time ranged between 192 seconds to 380 seconds for smart bur II, while caries removal time ranged between 198seconds to 361 seconds for carbide bur (control group). The mean ± SD caries removal time was 271.16± 26.78 for Smart bur II and 235.16± 27.37 for carbide bur. The results of both caries efficiency and caries removal time were significantly different at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.05 respectively. Conclusions: The smart bur ΙΙ had significantly lower caries removal efficiency when compared to conventional carbide bur. The smart bur ΙΙ required significantly longer caries removal time when compared to conventional carbide bur.}, keywords = {Polymer bur,conventional carbide bur,caries removal efficiency,caries removal time}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58744.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58744_515c8d774e18d11c73f5f8e8477a1949.pdf} } @article { author = {Samir, H and Shafik, S and Yahia, M and Mamdouh, N}, title = {EXPRESSION OF BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN- 2 UNDER SIMVASTATIN THERAPY AFTER CYCLOSPORIN -A- INDUCED ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS IN RATS}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {113-119}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2015.58745}, abstract = {Introduction: Cyclosporin-A- has been used as an immunosuppressant to prevent the rejection of organ transplants. However, alveolar bone loss is an important negative side-effect of this drug. Simvastatin, a hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, is known to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis. It has advanced effects on bone formation in vivo and in vitro. So, we evaluated the expression of BMP 2 after administration of simvastatin in cyclosporin -A-associated alveolar bone loss in rats. Objective: To evaluate the effect of simvastatin and cyclosporin -A- on Alveolar bone by investigating the expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein -2 (BMP-2) using Immunohistochemical and Image analysis investigation methods. Materials and methods: 24 adult male albino rats were divided into 3 groups: Group I: control group; 4 rats, Group II: cyclosporine -A- group; 10 rats (10 mg/kg) daily subcutaneous injection, Group III: Cyclosporin –A /Simvastatin group; 10 rats, simvastatin was taken orally daily (20mg/kg/day). Two rats from the control group and 5 rats from each of the studied experimental groups (group II & III) were sacrificed on days 15 and 30 consecutively, and examined using Immunohistochemical method, and Image analysis. Results: Immunohistochemical results revealed strong expression of BMP 2 in osteoblasts, osteocytes after simvastatin administration and weak expression in CsA. The same results were statistically significant in Immunohistochemical Optical Density (IOD) results. Histomorphometrical analysis of bone volume showed a significant increase in bone volume in simvastatin group than CsA group, and significant decrease in CsA than control. Conclusion: we can conclude that Simvastatin counteract the adverse effect of CsA induced alveolar bone loss by induction of BMP 2 in osteoblasts and osteocytes that induced new bone formation.}, keywords = {Simvastatin,Cyclosporin A,Bone loss,Bone Morphogenitic Protein 2}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58745.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58745_77e319c08747b5458181d704e8ccd342.pdf} } @article { author = {El Hady, T and Karam, S and El Sawa, A and Saad, N}, title = {EXPRESSION OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR DURING HEALING OF EXTRACTION SOCKETS IN DIABETIC RATS}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {120-125}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2015.58746}, abstract = {Introduction: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one such candidate. It functions as an endothelial cell mitogen, chemotactic agent, and inducer of vascular permeability. Other angiogenic growth factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) have been described, but VEGF is unique for its effects on multiple components of the wound healing cascade, including angiogenesis and recently shown epithelization and collagen deposition. VEGF is produced by many cell types that participate in wound healing: endothelial cells, fibroblasts,smooth muscle cells, platelets, neutrophils, and macrophages. . Objectives: To evaluate the expression of VEGF during healing of extracted sockets in diabetic rats. Materials and methods: 24 adult male rats aged about 6 months and weighing about 250 gms were divided into 2 groups; Group I (12 rats) non diabetic and Group II (12 rats) diabetic. For study group, the rats were fasted overnight and diabetes was induced by a single intra peritoneal injection of streptozotocin 60 mg/kg body weight in 0.1 M citrate buffer. All animals, were exposed to surgical wounds (extracted lower right first molar). They were sacrificed as follows 4 rats from each group at intervals of 3 days, 7 days, 21 days after extraction for immunohistochemical study. Results: In the present study, immunohistochemical expression of VEGF was detected as brown cytoplasmic reaction. All the examined cases showed positive results for VEGF with different scores. Conclusions: these results demonstrated the expression of VEGF in diabetic rats during healing of extraction sockets significantly higher than control group in late periods.}, keywords = {VEGF,Extraction wound healing,diabetes,Immunohistochemistry}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58746.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58746_81ab378a6f0275ff2191f5bc45a20e71.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed, N and Mahmoud, T and Shafik, S and El Dibany, R}, title = {A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN POROUS TITANIUM GRANULES AND NANOCRYSTALLINE HYDROXYAPATITE IN HEALING OF MANDIBULAR DEFECTS IN DOGS}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {126-132}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2015.58747}, abstract = {Background: Bone grafting is a common technique in Oral and Maxillofacial surgery to replace missing bone. Grafting materials include autografts, allografts, xenografts and synthetic bone substitutes. Two synthetic bone materials are currently available; porous titanium granules and nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite. Objectives: This study compared the use of Porous titanium granules (PTG) versus Nanobone® in healing of mandibular defects in dogs and this was estimated by histological and histomorphometric analysis. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 10 healthy experimental dogs. An osseous defect of 10mm depth and 10mm width was created in the premolar area of both right and left sides of the mandible. The right side defects were grafted with PTG while the left side defects were grafted with Nanobone®. Histological and histomorphometrical evaluation was carried out to monitor bone healing and quantify the bone volume with both PTG and Nanobone® at 3, 6 and 12 weeks intervals post-operatively. Results: The mean bone volume value with PTG was 773.4 ± 499.4 on the 3rd week, then increased on the 6th week to be 10125.3 ± 19287.3 and 2676.0 ± 1388.2 on the 12th week. The mean bone volume value with Nanobone® was 525.5 ± 332.1 on the 3rd week, then on the 6th week it became 287.4 ± 322.5. There was a statistically significant increase on the 12th to be 1976.8 ± 1568.1. . There was a statistically significant difference regarding the mean bone volume value between the two groups. Conclusion: Both PTG and Nanobone® have osteoconductive properties and are effective in healing bone defects, but the histomorphometric analysis quantified the bone volume with both PTG and Nanobone® and revealed that the maximum amount of the total regenerated bone was seen in the PTG group; bone was formed within its porosities}, keywords = {Porous Titanium Granules,Nanobone®,bone defects,bone volume,Histomorphometric analysis}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58747.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58747_7d6ae066adf8b561c52e260f8b785571.pdf} } @article { author = {Oraby, M.S and Sharara, A.A and Fahmy, M.H}, title = {CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE USE OF PROCEED ®MESH IN RECONSTRUCTION OF ORBITAL FLOOR FRACTURES: CLINICAL TRIAL}, journal = {Alexandria Dental Journal}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {8-14}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Alexandria University; Faculty of Dentistry}, issn = {1110-015X}, eissn = {2536-9156}, doi = {10.21608/adjalexu.2015.59118}, abstract = {Introduction: Orbital fracture is a common type of midfacial trauma. Its proper treatment is considered a challenging situation. Otherwise orbital complications; as diplopia, limited ocular motility, enophthalmos, hypoglobus and infraorbital dysesthesia; may occur.Proceed® mesh consists of polypropylene soft mesh encapsulated with polydioxanone (PDS) and layered with oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC). It is a widely used mesh in hernia repair which is proved to be safe and suitable. The ORC component provides the mesh with some properties differ from other materials. It provides a physical barrier to decrease the adhesion between the mesh and orbital tissue. It is a commonly used hemostatic agent. In addition, it is proved to be antibacterial against many resistant species. The PDS component attaches the ORC with polypropylene soft mesh.Objectives: We aimed in this study to evaluate Proceed® mesh clinically in reconstruction of orbital floor defects in seven patients.Materials and Methods: Indications for intervention were diplopia, enophthalmos, minimal clinical improvement over time under drug therapy, ocular limited motility, dystopia, defect more than 50% of the orbital floor and progressive infraorbital hypoesthesia. The ORC side of the mesh was placed facing orbital soft tissue, while polypropylene side was placed towards orbital bony wall. The follow-up schedule was 3 days postoperatively then once weekly for two weeks and then monthly for 6 months.Results: Clinically, most patients recovered from diplopia, dystopia, ocular restriction and enophthalmos. Two patients had transitory postoperative diplopia (for 1 week), that may be due to postoperative muscle weakness. One patient out of four suffered from preoperative ocular restriction, had no or slight improvement postoperatively. Two patients complained from inflammatory reaction within 2-4 weeks postoperatively, resolved by anti-inflammatory and antibiotic administration.Conclusion: The study concluded that Proceed® mesh is a suitable material for orbital floor reconstruction, especially in cases of small to medium defects (< 3 cm2).}, keywords = {orbital floor,Proceed® mesh,implant material,prolene mesh}, url = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_59118.html}, eprint = {https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_59118_7423e40226769bc30dd5ed249e2b73e7.pdf} }