Alexandria University; Faculty of DentistryAlexandria Dental Journal1110-015X43320181201COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PRIMARY STABILITY BETWEEN IMMEDIATE PLACED IMPLANTS AND DELAYED IMMEDIATE PLACED IMPLANTS IN MANDIBULAR SINGLE ROOTED TEETH185778110.21608/adjalexu.2018.57781ENMohab M. MagdyBachelor of Dentistry,Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptSherif S. MohamedProfessor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.Hala R. RagabAssistant Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.Journal Article20191109INTRODUCTION: The timing of implant placement after tooth extraction has been a matter of discussion in dental implant treatment. Primary stability of the implant placed can be measured by the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) which is used to compare the primary stability of immediate and delayed immediate placed implants. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to compare between primary stability of immediate placed implants and delayed immediate placed implants using resonance frequency analysis device in mandibular single rooted teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients were selected from Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University divided into two groups, Group A: Five patients indicated for extraction of single rooted teeth had undergone implant placement immediately after tooth extraction (Immediate implant placement). Group B: Five patients indicated for extraction of single rooted teeth had undergone implant placement two weeks after tooth extraction (Delayed immediate implant placement). RESULTS: For group A patients the average mean and standard deviation of the primary stability of the placed implants was 61.75 ± 8.21 ISQ units while for group B patients the average mean and standard deviation of the primary stability of the placed implants was 67.38 ± 11.59 ISQ units. After comparing these results it was shown that the average mean and standard deviation of the primary stability of all cases of group B is greater than the average mean and standard deviation of the primary stability of all cases of group A, which results in a t-value (student t-test) of 0.792 and the p- value of the study was 0.458 which is statistically insignificant. CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant difference between the primary stability of immediately placed implants and delayed immediate placed implantshttps://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_57781_9281f14e41d7b88df283f7fbe03f6c01.pdfAlexandria University; Faculty of DentistryAlexandria Dental Journal1110-015X43320181201PREVALENCE OF THE OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS AMONG MINISTRY OF HEALTH DENTISTS, ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT9155778210.21608/adjalexu.2018.57782ENSherihan I. YehiaB.D.S. Faculty of Dentistry Alexandria UniversityMona K. El KashlanProfessor of Dental Public Health, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, EgyptWafaa E. El-DinProfessor of Dental Public Health, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, EgyptJournal Article20191109INTRODUCTION: Dentists are exposed to various hazards due to their occupation. Identifying the most prevalent ones is required to develop preventive measures and coping strategies in order to reduce the effect of such hazards in the future. OBJECTIVES: to assess the prevalence of the different occupational hazards among the Ministry Of Health dentists, in Alexandria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 900 dentists working in the different Ministry of Health facilities was randomly selected from the eight health districts of Alexandria governorate. A final sample of 750 dentists participated in the study with response rate of 83.33%. They were asked to complete a structured questionnaire, specially designed for the study, in order to assess their exposure to the different occupational hazards. RESULTS: Most of participants suffered from stress (85.9%), followed by musculoskeletal disorders (85.6%) and 63.9% experienced a type of percutaneous injury. Furthermore 51.3% were exposed to radiation hazards, 44.4% and 42.66% were exposed to eye injuries and chemical hazards, respectively. The least prevalent hazard was hearing impairment where it was reported by only 8.8% of the study participants CONCLUSIONS: Rheumatoid arthritis is an important risk factor for alveolar bone loss. The treatment of the RA induced rats with fish oil not only prevented the alveolar bone resorption and stimulated new bone formation, but also reduced relatively the level of rheumatoid factor in the bloodhttps://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_57782_f0557d6e15275e2c61dab613eef9ac47.pdfAlexandria University; Faculty of DentistryAlexandria Dental Journal1110-015X43320181201INFLUENCE OF OCCLUSAL LOADING LOCATION ON THE STRAIN DEVELOPED AROUND IMPLANTS WITH TWO DIFFERENT CREST MODULE DESIGNS (IN VITRO STUDY)16215778510.21608/adjalexu.2018.57785ENMarwan A. AggagInstructor at Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University in Alexandria, EgyptYousreya A. ShalabyProfessor of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, EgyptMohammed S. NassifAssociate Professor of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt.Amir S. AzerLecturer of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt.Journal Article20191109INTRODUCTION: Mechanical overload is thought to be one of the major causes of implant complications. The addition of micro threads increase linear length of coronal implant surface available for biologic width and allows some stress transfer and relieve the crestal stress and strain concentration in the coronal region. OBJECTIVES: Was to compare the influence of occlusal loading location on the strain developed around implants with two different crest module designs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten Polyurethane test blocks in which implants were fixed at the maxillary left first premolar area. Specimens were divided into two parallel groups (n=5), Group (I) -implants, with micro threads, Group (II) implants with wide-groove threads. Strain gauges were connected to a strain meter to record the developed strain. A universal testing machine was used for load application up to 100 N. The data were statistically analyzed (p≤0.05). RESULTS: Group I exhibited the lower mean micro-strain values (260.0 ± 192.6 µε) than Group II (513.2 ± 108.2 µε).There was statistically significant difference between both groups(p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Crest module designs affected the stress pattern induced around dental implantshttps://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_57785_30fb2a40184126feaf18c2ec6cb8d69b.pdfAlexandria University; Faculty of DentistryAlexandria Dental Journal1110-015X43320181201THE EFFECT OF COMPLETE AND PARTIAL CONTOUR ZIRCONIA COPINGS ON THE FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF ALL CERAMIC RESTORATIONS22275798610.21608/adjalexu.2018.57986ENIslam M Abdel RaheemAssistant lecturer of fixed prosthodontics, Conservative dentistry department, Alexandria University, EgyptSanaa H Abdel Kader- Professor of fixed prosthodontics, Conservative dentistry department, Alexandria University, Egypt.Fayza H Al Abbassy- Professor of dental materials, Dental Biomaterials Department, Alexandria University, Egypt.Journal Article20191110INTRODUCTION Veneer chipping is a common failure of zirconia based restorations, especially in the presence of high occlusal loads. Modifying zirconia design may influence veneer chipping. OBJECTIVES: Purpose of this study was to evaluate fracture resistance of complete and partial contour zirconia crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty standardized epoxy resin dies, prepared to receive zirconia based crowns, were divided into 4 groups, 5 specimens each. Zirconia framework designs were: (a) Full contour zirconia crown (FC), (b) Partial contour zirconia coping with buccal veneering (PC), (c) Anatomically reduced zirconia coping with palatal and proximal collar (ARD) and (d) half mm zirconia coping without collar (CON) (control group). Dual scanning technique was done for the test groups to fabricate zirconia copings with the use of standardized resin patterns, while normal scanning was made for the control group. After milling and sintering of zirconia specimens, veneering was done for all desired surfaces. All crowns were adhesively luted to their corresponding dies, and subjected to thermal cycling and mechanical loading corresponding to one year clinical service. Single load to fracture was applied to all the specimens. Type of failure was recorded for each specimen, investigated visually then by using Stereomicroscope and SEM. RESULTS: Complete and partial contour zirconia restorations showed high resistance to fracture. The presence of collar was insignificant for increasing fracture resistance, but had an influence on the fracture extension toward the proximal surface of the veneered restorations.https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_57986_cb57ac59d0fab8638afb8799c6b02c2a.pdfAlexandria University; Faculty of DentistryAlexandria Dental Journal1110-015X43320181201MICRONUCLEI AS BIOMARKERS OF GENETIC DAMAGE IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA28335798810.21608/adjalexu.2018.57988ENNancy A. Shaaban-Instructor of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University.Hanaa S. Raslan-Professor of Oral PathologyOmneya R. Ramadan-Lecturer of Oral Pathology.Ahmed MA. Habib-Assistant Professor of Maxillofacial and Plastic SurgeryEiman I. Zaki-Lecturer of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria UniversityJournal Article20191110INTRODUCTION: Oral cancer is a major health problem, causing high morbidity and mortality rates. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 90-95% of all oral malignancies. The prognosis of OSCC is often poor due to the late discovery of most lesions, after they have reached a large size. Here comes the role of biomarkers of genetic damage that can have excellent use in early diagnosis of cancer. Micronuclei are small extranuclear bodies formed by chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes that lag behind at anaphase and are not incorporated into the resulting daughter nuclei but are covered by a nuclear membrane and resemble a small nucleus. Many investigators have already called micronuclei (MN) an upcoming biomarker of tumorogenesis. More than 90% of human malignancies originate from epithelial cells. Thus the MN test in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells could be used as an objective, non-invasive tool for biomonitoring the genetic damage in high risk human populations and for screening cellular alteration in OSCC cases. OBJECTIVES: To assess the degree of genetic damage in the oral squamous cell carcinoma lesions using micronuclei as biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of thirty four participants; seventeen OSCC patients and17 healthy control subjects were included. Cytological smears were taken from the lesion of the OSCC cases as well as from the buccal mucosa of the control group subjects using a cytobrush. Cytological smears were stained using Papanicolaou stain and the number of micronucleated (MNed) cells per 1000 cells was determined for each subject. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the number of MNed cells in the cytological smears of OSCC cases and those of the healthy control subjectshttps://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_57988_08b512a819f6bba228d0d6007cc226a7.pdfAlexandria University; Faculty of DentistryAlexandria Dental Journal1110-015X43320181201EFFECT OF TWO POLISHING TECHNIQUES ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF THREE DIFFERENT DENTURE BASE MATERIALS (AN IN VITRO STUDY)34405799010.21608/adjalexu.2018.57990ENMai S. El-DinClinical Instructor at removable proshodontics department, faculty of dentistry. Alexandria University. Alexandria. Egypt.Amr M. Badr- Assistant professor of removable proshodontics, faculty of dentistry. Minia University. Minia. Egypt.Emad M AgamyProfessor of removable proshodontics and head of the department, faculty of dentistry. Minia University. Minia. EgyptGehan F MohamedProfessor of removable proshodontics and dean of faculty of dentistry. Minia University. Minia. Egypt.Journal Article20191110INTRODUCTION: A direct link was found between surface roughness, the accumulation of plaque and the adherence of microorganisms concerning acrylic resins. However, the surface properties of the new thermoplastic materials remain questionable especially after using the conventional finishing and polishing techniques. Studying surface properties of each material makes the recommendation of the proper techniques easier. OBJECTIVES: This in vitro study intended to compare three types of denture base materials in regarding to the effect of different polishing techniques on their surface roughness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 36 specimens were incorporated in this study. 12 specimens were in each group. 3 groups were formed: Group A: Heat cured Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Group B: Thermoplastic Polyamides. Group C: Thermoplastic Acetal. Dimensions of specimens were (20×20×3 mm) with projection at the side. Statistical analysis was carried out using two way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistical significance was defined at P≤0.05. RESULTS: Technique no. 1 showed a high significant value in compared to technique no.2 for polishing the tested materials. CONCLUSIONS: PMMA was the highest affected group followed by thermoplastic acetal and the last affected group was thermoplastic polyamide. Prepolishing rubberizing with rubber bur improves the polishing procedure. RESULTS: Remarkable improvement in the histology and the ultrastructure of the alveolar bone of rats in Group III was observed. Moreover, hematological values revealed significant decrease in the inflammatory condition of rats with induced RA after fish oil treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Rheumatoid arthritis is an important risk factor for alveolar bone loss. The treatment of the RA induced rats with fish oil not only prevented the alveolar bone resorption and stimulated new bone formation, but also reduced relatively the level of rheumatoid factor in the blood.https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_57990_8072b30763a24b2f11fdc966c2a9a8d3.pdfAlexandria University; Faculty of DentistryAlexandria Dental Journal1110-015X43320181201THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ACQUA AND CONVENTIONAL DENTAL IMPLANTS41475799210.21608/adjalexu.2018.57992ENEsraa F. ShamsGeneral dentist at Fawzy Moaaz pediatric hospital, the ministry of health, EgyptAhmed A. ShararaProfessor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, EgyptAhmed O. Sweedanlecturer of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, EgyptJournal Article20191110INTRODUCTION: Missing teeth were a problem in the 1950s and 1960s till the real use of titanium dental implants to restore teeth. Scientists tried hard over many years to improve the surface treatment of the dental implant in order to improve the function and longevity of it and to reduce the chances of its failure. New materials and techniques are used to change the surface texture, component, and its surface energy. OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of the delayed placement of ACQUA dental implant versus the conventional type for replacement of maxillary premolar teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study was conducted on 14 patients. Patients were divided equally into two groups. Group “A” patients received ACQUA Alvium Neodent dental implant while group “B” patients received conventional Alvium dental implants. All Patients had missing maxillary premolars teeth. Patients were between 27- 48 years old. All patients were operated under local anesthesia. The surgical stent was checked for proper seating in the planned site of the dental implant. A full thickness mucoperiosteal flap was performed. Follow-up was done daily for the first week, then weekly for the first month, then monthly for six months. RESULTS: Clinically no edema was shown in all patients. Other clinical parameters were recorded during the follow-up period as the gingival index, implant stability, and presence or absence of infection. Radiographic results showed that there was a significant difference between ACQUA and conventional Alvium dental implant which proved the higher initial stability of ACQUA Alvium Implants compared to conventional ones. Marginal bone height did not show any significant difference between ACQUA implants and conventional implants. CONCLUSIONS: ACQUA dental implant showed more primary stability than conventional Alvium implant. Additionally, ACQUA showed more bone intensity compared to the other typehttps://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_57992_1c1d232860d6a00d99e371c785e8717f.pdfAlexandria University; Faculty of DentistryAlexandria Dental Journal1110-015X43320181201EFFECT OF AUTOGENOUS BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS IN HEALING OF MANDIBULAR OSSEOUS DEFECTS GRAFTED WITH BETA TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE IN DOGS48525799310.21608/adjalexu.2018.57993ENAmira S. EissaAssistant lecturer of Oral Biology - Faculty of Dentistry - Alexandria University.Sahar Sh. KaramProfessor and Head of Oral Biology Department - Faculty of Dentistry - Alexandria UniversitySamia S. OmarProfessor of Oral Biology Department - Faculty of Dentistry - Alexandria UniversityMohamed I. SayedProfessor of Clinical Pathology Department - Faculty of Medicine - Alexandria UniversityJournal Article20191110INTRODUCTION: Bone defect above critical size does not heal completely by itself and thus represents major clinical challenge to reconstructive surgery. Tissue engineering is a new approach for the repair of osseous defects. β tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) loaded with autogenous bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is suggested to have a promising osteogenic characteristics that support its potential in tissue engineering to repair bone defects. OBJECTIVES: was to evaluate the efficacy of autogenous (BMSCs) by its transplantation into local defects using (β-TCP) as a carrier. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten male Mongrel dogs weighing 25 Kg were used in this study. Right and critical size bone defects (CSDs) were performed intraorally at the mandibular premolar area by the aid of trephine bur, of 6mm outer diameter and 5mm inner diameter. Right side bone defects (Experimental) were filled with mixture of (β-TCP) and (BMSCs) which was taken from bone marrow aspirate concentrates (BMACs) from the same animal. Meanwhile, the left side bone defects (control) were left empty for healing spontaneously. The effect of (BMSCs) was assessed histologically as well as histomorphometrically after 6 weeks. RESULTS Greater amount of bone formation was noticed in (CSDs) filled with (β-TCP) and (BMSCs). The amounts of new bone formed in the defects filled with (β-TCP) and (BMSCs) were significantly greater than those formed within the defects that were left empty. CONCLUSIONS: Autogenous (BMSCs) has excellent osteogenic characteristics and can be added to bone grafts following surgical and periodontal surgeries to enhance bone regenerative capacity.https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_57993_9e704f1c5db2d1769f00848650d7e68b.pdfAlexandria University; Faculty of DentistryAlexandria Dental Journal1110-015X43320181201EVALUATION OF USING MINERALIZED PLASMATIC MATRIX IN OSSEOUS REGENERATION (EXPERIMENTAL AND HISTOMORPHOMETRIC STUDY ON RABBITS)53595799410.21608/adjalexu.2018.57994ENMarwa A. GhanemBDS, MS, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt.Ahmed A. ShararaProfessor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt.Ahmed O. Sweedan- lecturer of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt.Nesma M. Khalillecturer of Oral Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt.Journal Article20191110INTRODUCTION: The use of platelet concentrates is recent and its efficiency remains controversial. The mineralized plasmatic matrix (MPM), is the latest innovation of platelet concentrates (i.e. PRP and PRF). A new concept of fabricating growth factors-enriched bone graft matrix has been introduced since 2010. It utilizes altering the centrifugation speed and time to produce much larger, denser and richer fibrin matrix containing growth factors, known as Sticky bone. MPM combines the best of both worlds; its mineral phase qualifies it as an osteoconductive scaffold for bone formation while its platelet concentrate phase grants it an osteoinductive property by the slow release of growth factors. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of using MPM, compared to the use of bone graft alone, to assess the exact effect of each in enhancing the osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten healthy adult white Albino New Zealand rabbits, after creating two osseous defects in the right femur in each. The defects (upper and lower) were divided in to two groups according to the material used for filling: Group A (Control): in the upper defect, bone graft only was added in the lateral side of the right femur. Group B (Study): in the lower defect, MPM was addedin the lateral side of the right femur. After 2 &8 weeks respectively postopertively,sacrification of the rabbits was done. RESULTS: Data collected from histologicalresults revealed that MPM enhanced bone formation where increased amount of new bone formation was observed in the study group in relation to the control group. At the end of the experimental period,the defect area was almost filled with mature bone which occupied a greater surface area in the study group. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that there was increase in the mean percentage of bone surface area in the study group in comparison to the control group. This increase was statistically significant in the 8 weeks period. CONCLUSIONS: MPM proved its effeciency in enhancement of osseous regenerationhttps://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_57994_c90dcc05892a11a2aec5dec00e005958.pdfAlexandria University; Faculty of DentistryAlexandria Dental Journal1110-015X43320181201IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF TLR-4 AND ITS CORRELATION TO VARIOUS GRADES OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA60645799510.21608/adjalexu.2018.57995ENEnas M. OmarMaster in Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityTaissir A. OmarProfessor in Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversitySahar M. El-SheikhProfessor in Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversitySahar E. Riad. Professor in Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityGhada M. MouradProfessor in Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University.Marwa M. AfifiLecturer in Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityJournal Article20191110INTRODUCTION: Oral cancer is a major health problem, causing high morbidity and mortality rates. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 90-95% of all oral malignancies. During the last decade, significant evidence has suggested that inflammation plays an important role in tumorigenesis, and microenvironment-derived signals which are important constituents in all tumors. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are classical signals that play a key role in the innate immune system. They drive the inflammatory response and control the cellular proliferation and survival by stimulating the immune cells and promoting integrated processes of inflammation and tissue repair. This can predict that TLR4 may be of great significance in tumors. Hence, this study is to evaluate and correlate the expression of TLR-4 in various grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and correlate the expression of TLR-4 in different histopathological grades of OSCC MATERIALS AND METHODS: An immunohistochemical (IHC) study using the TLR-4 antibody were done on 50 surgical specimens and 10 normal mucosal tissues taken from OSCC patients and healthy individuals, respectively. The staining were performed using a Labeled Strept-Avidin Biotin complex method (LSAB) RESULTS: TLR-4 was expressed in human OSCC biopsies and the expression level was correlated with the tumor differentiation. Higher expression was detected in the well and the moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinomas than the poorly differentiated ones. CONCLUSIONS: TLR-4 expression could be a prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma cases as expression was detected in the well and moderately differentiated higher than poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas.https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_57995_019ec15a9f05b416ed5b103b3875c431.pdfAlexandria University; Faculty of DentistryAlexandria Dental Journal1110-015X43320181201EXPRESSION OF TLR4 IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA AND ITS CORRELATION WITH LYMPH NODE METASTASIS (An Immunohistochemical Study)65695799610.21608/adjalexu.2018.57996ENHayat A. YoussefAssistant lecturer in Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityTaissir A. OmarProfessor in Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University.Hamed A. FouadProfessor in Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University.Sahar M. El-SheikhProfessor in Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversitySamar El AchyLecturer in Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria UniversityMarwa M. AfifiLecturer in Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityJournal Article20191110INTRODUCTION: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for more than 90% of all oral cancers with high mortality and morbidity rates. Lymph node (LN) metastasis is one of the most important factors in the treatment and prognosis of patients with OSCC. It reduces the overall survival by nearly half. Toll like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved proteins and major type of receptors involved in both innate and adaptive immunities and defense against pathogens. TLR4 was the first member of the TLR family to be discovered. It was verified that TLR4 is expressed in many types of tumors including OSCC. The correlation between the expression of this receptor and the presence of nodal metastasis has been studied. Involvement of TLR4 in the invasion and metastasis potentials may thus suggest the use of this protein as a prognostic marker for OSCC and may provide a new insight in the treatment strategy. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to assess the expression of TLR4 in the primary tumor of OSCC and correlate it with the lymph node status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TLR4 expression was calculated in 30 OSCC cases. The specimens were taken from the primary tumor of 15 cases proved to have positive lymph nodes and another 15 cases with negative lymph nodes. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed using the Labeled Strept-Avidin Biotin complex method (LSAB), using the anti-TLR4 antibody. RESULTS: TLR4 was expressed in the OSCC cases and was significantly higher in cases with positive lymph node metastasis than those without. CONCLUSIONS: TLR4 expression could be used as a prognostic marker for OSCC as an indicator for metastasis.https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_57996_1c2d88878a50b2638dff60d962c9f66d.pdfAlexandria University; Faculty of DentistryAlexandria Dental Journal1110-015X43320181201A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TLR7 EXPRESSION IN DIFFERENT HISTOLOGICAL GRADES OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA (An Immunohistochemical Study)70755799810.21608/adjalexu.2018.57998ENNermine G. El-BaheyAssistant lecturer in Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos UniversityTaissir A. OmarProfessor in Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityHamed A. FouadProfessor in Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversitySahar M. ElSheikhProfessor in Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University.Radwa A. MehannaAssistant Professor in Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria UniversityMarwa M. AfifiLecturer in Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityJournal Article20191110INTRODUCTION: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for the sixth most prevalent malignant neoplasm worldwide, representing 90% of all oral cancers. Despite advances in the detection and treatment, the unsatisfactory prognosis for OSCC has remained stable for decades. To date, cancer research is focused on improving cancer treatment methods using immunotherapy. The Toll-like receptors family (TLR) has served that purpose. These are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that represent essential components of the host’s immune responses. The expression of some TLRs, including TLR7, in different tumors has been confirmed in various studies. The clarification of the TLR7 expression and role in OSCC may thus provide new strategies and prospects for more effective cancer diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the expression of TLR7 in human OSCC and correlate it with the different histopathological grades of the tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The TLR7 expression was examined in 10 normal mucosal and 30 OSCC tissue samples. The immunohistochemical (IHC) staining with the anti-TLR7 antibody was performed using the Labeled Strept-Avidin Biotin complex method (LSAB). RESULTS: TLR7 was expressed in all OSCC cases and showed significant difference in its expression among the different grades of the tumor, with a higher expression noted in the more differentiated tumors. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of TLR7 in OSCC may be used as a prognostic marker.https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_57998_f5cc6024e2cf0d6d324516a4a5dc60d6.pdfAlexandria University; Faculty of DentistryAlexandria Dental Journal1110-015X43320181201THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF CAMPTOTHECIN IN INDUCED ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)76805805510.21608/adjalexu.2018.58055ENHend M. HelmyMaster in Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University.Zeinab E. DarwishProfessor in Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversitySahar M. El-SheikhProfessor in Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityMarwa M. AfifiLecturer in Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityJournal Article20191110INTRODUCTION: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, affecting over 400,000 patients, and leading to over 200,000 deaths annually. Camptothecin (CPT), is a potent widely used chemotherapeutic drug. It shows a significant antitumor activity against various types of cancer. It inhibits the activity of DNA topoisomerase I enzyme (TOP I) during the S phase of the cell cycle leading to persisting single-stranded DNA breaks. OBJECTIVES: To study the therapeutic efficacy of CPT chemotherapeutic drug against induced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Also the study will evaluate the treatment, by the use of proliferative immune-histochemical marker (PCNA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Squamous cell carcinoma will be chemically induced in thirty Syrian hamsters. Then they will be divided into two groups, 15 per each. One group will be treated with CPT, The other group will be treated with saline as negative control group. RESULTS: CPT treated animals showed significant results over the control group. CONCLUSIONS: CPT induced apoptosis in tumor cells and enhanced survival rates in comparison to control group < /p>https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58055_aa8db960a3e817d3faf126e3dc7e1850.pdfAlexandria University; Faculty of DentistryAlexandria Dental Journal1110-015X43320181201LOCALIZATION OF CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 IN EXPERIMENTALLY–INDUCED CARCINOGENESIS FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH THYMOQUINONE LOADED ON NANO-GOLD PARTICLES. (A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY)81875800310.21608/adjalexu.2018.58003ENAsmaa M Abd El-WahedDemonstrator in Oral Pathology department, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.Magda M HassanActing Head of Oral Pathology Department, Professor of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.Wafaa H El-Hossary- Lecturer of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptAhmed M KorraahLecturer of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.Journal Article20191110Introduction: Thymoquinone is one of the phytochemicals used as chemopreventive agents for oral cancer control. TQ loaded on nanoparticles had shown higher anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects than free TQ. Natural products that can inhibit Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) would be a better choice in the prevention of tumor development with fewer side effects than pharmaceutical agents. Objective: To study the expression of Cox-2 in HBP/DMBA carcinogenesis model following combined topical application of TQ loaded on gold nanoparticles on alternative days. Material and Methods: This research was carried out on archival paraffin blocks of a previous thesis. The paraffin blocks represented hamster buccal pouches (HBPs) from 85 male Syrian golden hamsters were divided into 2 groups. The control groups included: I: negative control group, scarified at day zero then after 7 and 14 weeks, and II: positive control, treated with 7, 12-Dimethylbenz [a]-anthracene (DMBA) for 7 and 14 weeks. The experimental groups included: (III, IV and V) which were treated with the chemopreventive agents for 2 weeks then combined DMBA and the chemopreventive agents on alternative days for 7 and 14 weeks. Sections of 5µm were cut and processed for H&E and IHC stains for light microscopic study. Results: Negative and self-control groups showed negative COX-2 immunoreactivity. Group II showed intense Cox-2 immunoreactivity at both 7 and 14 weeks. Groups; III and IV showed moderate and intense Cox-2 immunoreactivity at 7 and 14 weeks, respectively. Group V showed mild and moderate Cox-2 staining reaction at 7 and 14 weeks, respectively. Conclusion: Topical application of G-NPs-TQ (0.001) for 7 and 14 weeks was able to reduce Cox-2 expression and in turn retard the carcinogenesis process due to its anti-inflammatory effect.https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58003_20b28b9d8867cc5f0260728d0a357a5b.pdfAlexandria University; Faculty of DentistryAlexandria Dental Journal1110-015X43320181201LABORATORY EVALUATION OF A SELF-ADHERING FLOWABLE COMPOSITE RESIN AS A PIT AND FISSURE SEALANT88935800410.21608/adjalexu.2018.58004ENNour M. OwidaBachelor of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptNadia A. WahbaProfessor of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.Dalia M. TalaatAssociate Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.Bassem F. ElmallakhProfessor of Dental Biomaterials department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.Journal Article20191110INTRODUCTION: The success of pit and fissure sealant is highly dependent on obtaining and maintaining an intimate adaptation to the tooth surface. Self-adherable flowable composite (Vertise Flow) represents a new generation of dental materials that combines the properties of flowable composites and self-adhesives. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the Vertise Flow (VF) in term of shear bond strength and sealing ability to enamel of pit and fissure in comparison to conventional sealant with self-adhesive (Clinpro sealant/ Adper Prompt L pop) MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty extracted sound premolars were selected. These were randomly divided into two groups according to the material used. Group I for Veritse Flow and Group II for Clinpro Sealant. Each group was further divided equally into two sub groups (n=15). GroupI was divided into Ia and Ib to test shear bond strength and microleakage respectively. Group II was divided into IIa and IIb to test shear bond strength and microleakage respectively. Shear bond strength test: Group Ia buccal surface was treated with phosphoric acid and VF. Group IIa was treated with Clinpro sealant and Adper Prompt L Pop. Shear bond strength was measured using universal testing machine. Mode of failure of each specimen was determined using stereomicroscope. Microleakage test: Group Ib, teeth pit and fissures were acid etched and sealed with VF. Group IIb, Adper Prompt L Pop was applied and teeth were sealed with Clinpro sealant. Teeth were thermocycled, stained, sectioned and examined under stereomicroscope. Data were collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Group I (VF) showed significantly higher shear bond strength and lower microleakage score than Group II (Clinpro sealant/PLP) (p < 0.05). adhesive mode of failure was the predominant mode in group IIa with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Vertise Flow shows encouraging results to be used as a pit and fissure sealanthttps://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58004_0052fe1df567801099cf61f98cc8ac48.pdfAlexandria University; Faculty of DentistryAlexandria Dental Journal1110-015X43320181201LABORATORY EVALUATION OF PRE-POLYMERIZED DENTURE BASE MATERIAL USED FOR CAD/CAM COMPLETE DENTURE MANUFACTURING941015800610.21608/adjalexu.2018.58006ENYusra M. SaadBDS and Demonstrator, Removable prosthodontic department, Faculty of Dentistry, Benghazi University, LibyaAhmed M. AbdelhamidProfessor of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, EgyptSonia M. ElShabrawyProfessor and Head of Biomaterial, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, EgyptJournal Article20191110INTRODUCTION: CAD/CAM denture base materials are milled from pre-polymerized pucks of resin that are highly condensed. So, they provide no polymerization shrinkage eliminating its subsequent disadvantages. This technology offered improved fit, strength properties and more bio-hygienic denture bases compared with conventional processing of the denture base material. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the physico-mechanical properties of CAD/CAM denture base material and the effect of thermo-cycling on it compared with the conventional one. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on two parallel groups, divided according to the denture material used. Group (1) conventional PMMA (control group), group (II) CAD/CAM PMMA (study group) of 40 specimens each (16 for impact strength, 16 for flexural strength, 8 for surface roughness and grinded powder form both materials for residual monomer test). Each group was divided into 2 sub-groups: (A) No thermo-cycling and (B) Thermo-cycling, then subjected to 4 different tests, impact strength, flexural strength, surface roughness and residual monomer tests. Data were collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed. Significance level was set at 5%. Bar charts were used for graphical presentations. RESULTS: Our study revealed a highly statistically significant decrease in residual monomer of CAD/CAM PMMA material in both conditions before and after thermo-cycling when compared to conventional PMMA material, which therefore leads to enhanced impact strength and significantly reduced surface roughness after heat treatment. On the other hand, also a highly significant reduction of its flexural strength after thermocycling has been observed. CONCLUSIONS: CAD/CAM dentures with lower amount of methacrylate monomer exhibit more favourable physico-mechanical properties and they have a long-term biocompatibility even with thermal changes making them a more satisfactory as a denture base material for edentulous patients.https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58006_c491bb45cb936e8e2b1a912b392ab43c.pdfAlexandria University; Faculty of DentistryAlexandria Dental Journal1110-015X43320181201EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF AMNIOTIC CHORION MEMBRANE IN MANAGEMENT OF GRADE II FURCATION DEFECTS (CLINICAL STUDY)1021085800710.21608/adjalexu.2018.58007ENRaneem M. Gamal- BDS, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptMona LotfyProfessor of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.Maha TaalabLecturer of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.Journal Article20191110INTRODUCTION: Treatment of molar furcation defects remains a considerable challenge in clinical practice. Furcation defects treatment can vary according to the type and location of the defects. Regenerative procedures are one of the treatment modalities in furcation involvement. In this study Amnion Chorion membrane(ACM) was used with an alloplast to manage grade II furcation defects. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically and radiographically the effect of ACM augmented with alloplast bone graft in management of grade II furcation involvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted clinically on fourteen patients with fourteen grade II furcation defects. Patients were divided into two groups: test group: included seven furcation defects that were treated by alloplast bone graft covered by ACM, and control group: including seven furcation defects treated with alloplast bone graft covered by a resorbable collagen membrane. Probing depth (P D), clinical attachment loss(CAL)were measured at baseline,3, and 6 months. Cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)was performed at baseline,6, and9months to evaluate bonefill in the furcation defect. RESULTS: ACM has shown reduction in probing depth and clinical attachment loss, and enhanced bone formation when compared to control group treated with resorbable collagen membrane. CONCLUSIONS: ACM is an effective, easy to handle, safe, and time saving membrane that can be used in periodontal regeneration.https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58007_6ac2d1828a6bf4d968e63c54f776f09f.pdfAlexandria University; Faculty of DentistryAlexandria Dental Journal1110-015X43320181201CLINICAL EVALUATION OF OSCILLATION METHOD FOR APPLICATION OF A PACKABLE COMPOSITE RESIN1091155801010.21608/adjalexu.2018.58010ENRania R. AfifiAssistant Lecture of Operative Dentistry, Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.Ibrahim L. El- GayarProfessor of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.Wegdan M. Abdel-FattahProfessor of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.Fayza Al AbbassyProfessor of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.Amal E. FahmyProfessor of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.Journal Article20191110INTRODUCTION: Despite all improvements in dental composites, marginal microleakage is one of the most common causes of resincomposite restoration failure. In order to address this concern, efforts have been focusing on dealing with different aspects of composite consistency, polymerization stresses and packing techniques. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work is to clinically evaluate the effect of two oscillating packing instruments (ET3000 & Compothixo) on improving the outcome and the longevity of Quixfil dental packable composite in the everyday practice of general practitioners without the need for placing flowable composite underneath it. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients were selected according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to participate in this study. Each patient received three posterior class II cavities preparations. The cavities were divided into three groups (n=20 each) according to the method of composite packing. Test Group I: Quixfil packable composite packed with ET3000, Test Group II: Quixfil packable composite packed with Compothixo & Group III (Control): incremental placement of Quixfll composite. The twenty patients were followed up for one and a half years according to modified RYGE Criteria. All the data obtained were then statistically analyzed using Friedman test at significance level 5% (P< 0.05). RESULTS: All restorations evaluated in this study demonstrated acceptable clinical performance within the evaluation period based on the Alfa and Bravo ratings for clinically satisfactory restorations. Statistical analysis detected no significant differences between the packing techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Good clinical results can be achieved with oscillation packing techniques when using QuiXfil packable posterior composite.https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58010_1c95c9a3f7b3ec9329f75320edf9ec27.pdfAlexandria University; Faculty of DentistryAlexandria Dental Journal1110-015X43320181201BIOMIMETIC ENAMEL REMINERALIZATION USING CHITOSAN HYDROGEL (AN IN VITRO STUDY)1161215801110.21608/adjalexu.2018.58011ENIngy E. IbrahimDBS – Faculty of Dentistry - Alexandria University.Sahar S. KaramProfessor and Head of Oral Biology Department - Faculty of Dentistry - Alexandria University, Egypt.Hanaa M. AlyProfessor of Oral Biology – Faculty of Dentistry – Alexandria UniversityJournal Article20191110INTRODUCTION: Biomimetic enamel reconstruction is a significant topic in material science and dentistry as a novel approach for the treatment of dental caries or erosion. Compared to other conventional treatments, biocompatible and biodegradable chitosan hydrogel, with its antimicrobial properties shows promise as a biomaterial for the prevention, restoration, and treatment of defective enamel. OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to investigate the effect of chitosan on the remineralization of enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sound human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons and were sectioned into 1mm thick slices.30 slices were selected and randomly divided into 3 equal groups (10 slices per group) as follows: GroupI: Control group, the slices were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds. Group II: The slices were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds, coated with bonding agent and chitosan hydrogel. Then slices were incubated at 37ºC in artificial saliva solution for 5 days. Group III: The slices were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds, coated with bonding agent and chitosan hydrogel. Then slices were incubated at 37ºC in artificial saliva solution for 10 days. After remineralization, the enamel surfaces were ultrasonically cleaned for 2 minutes and analyzed with scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to observe induced structural changes on the enamel surface then elemental analysis and Ca/P ratios were carried out using Energy Dispersive Analysis X-Ray (EDAX) spectrometer. The obtained data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Morphological changes on the enamel surface after application of chitosan observed by SEM revealed the regeneration of an enamel-like layer in both treated samples. There was a statistically significant difference between the Ca/P ratios of the treatment groups compared to that of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The ultrastructural and elemental alterations noticed in this study substantiate the use of chitosan in cases of dental erosionshttps://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58011_e6af8a15463dfbf12e8f2d95980fd82b.pdfAlexandria University; Faculty of DentistryAlexandria Dental Journal1110-015X43320181201E-poster collection from the 21st Alexandria International Dental Congress1221415801310.21608/adjalexu.2018.58013ENJournal Article20191110https://adjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_58013_a289af278865a02766f4880107a979fa.pdf