ANTIFUNGAL EFFECT OF PHOTOCATALYTIC NANO -TITANIUM DIOXIDE INCORPORATED IN SILICONE ELASTOMER:

Authors

1 Bachelor of Dentistry, Removable Prosthodontics Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

2 Professor of Removable Prosthodontics, Head of Removable Prosthodontics Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

3 Assistant Professor of Microbiology, Microbiology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

4 Lecturer of Medical Biophysics, Medical Biophysics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles may improve the antifungal properties of silicone elastomer prosthetic materials. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the photocatalytic antifungal activity of silicone elastomer incorporated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles against Candida albicans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Titanium dioxide nano-particles (Aeroxide® TiO2 P25, Sigma Aldrich, USA) were characterized using xray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), uv-vis spectrophotometeric analysis, methylene blue degradation efficiency test and direct contact test. Sixty six disc shaped specimens (6 mm diameter x 1mm thickness) of silicone elastomer (SE) (MED-4210, Factor II, USA) were included and divided into 6 groups based on the concentration of nano-TiO2 in silicone elastomer (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%) (W/W). Impregnated culture test was used to evaluate the antifungal activity of all SE samples against candida albicans as colonies forming units (CFUs) of treated aqueous suspension of candida albicans were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min follow‑up under UVA light. The dispersion of TiO2 within SE matrix was analysed by Laser scanning microscopy (LSM). RESULTS: Data were analysed using ANOVA test and Tuckey's Post Hoc test. Nano-TiO2 characterization tests confirmed the crystalline structure (85% anatase and 15% rutile), shape (irregular faceted), size (22nm), absorption spectrum (320-400nm) and the photocatalytic antifungal ability of the as-purchased Aeroxide TiO2 P25. Planktonic cultures of candida albicans exposed to SE/TiO2 samples reduced candida albicans count by 4% - 99.99%, depending on the nanoparticles concentration and follow-up time. The candida albicans counts did not decrease in group I without TiO2. LSM of SE specimens showed finer dispersion of TiO2 within SE matrix in group II, III and IV than that in group V and VI. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporation of TiO2 P25 within SE (MED-4210) shows promising inhibitory activity against candida albicans.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. The Academy of prosthodontics. The glossary of prosthodontic terms 8th ed. J Prosthet Dent. 2005; 94:10-92.
  2. Ariani N, Vissink A, Van Oort RP, Kusdhany L, Djais A, Rahardjo TB, Van der Mei HC, Krom BP. Microbial biofilms on facial prostheses. Biofouling. 2012; 28:583-91.
  3. Lemon JC, Kiat-Amnuay S, Gettleman L, Martin JW, Chambers MS. Facial prosthetic rehabilitation: preprosthetic surgical techniques and biomaterials. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005; 13:255-262.
  4. Veres EM, Wolfaardt JF, Becker PJ. An evaluation of the surface characteristics of a facial prosthetic elastomer. Part II: The surface texture. J Prosthet Dent. 1990; 63:325-331.
  5. Kurtulmus H, Kumbuloglu O, Ozcan M, Ozdemir G, Vural C. Candida albicans adherence on silicone elastomers: Effect of polymerisation duration and exposure to simulated saliva and nasal secretion. Dental Materials. 2010; 26:76-82.
  6. Haug SP, Moore BK, Andres CJ. Color stability and colorant effect on maxillofacial elastomers. Part II: weathering effect on physical properties. J Prosthet Dent. 1999; 81:423-30.
  7. Ariani N, Visser A, van Oort RP, Kusdhany L, Rahardjo TB, Kromm BP, Van der Mei HC, Vissink A. Current state of craniofacial prosthetic rehabilitation. Int J Prosthodont. 2015; 26:57–67.
  8. Visser A, Raghoebar GM, Van Oort RP, Vissink A. Fate of implant-retained craniofacial prostheses: life span and aftercare. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2008; 23:89-98.
  9. Karakoca S, Aydin C, Yilmaz H, Bal BT. Retrospective study of treatment outcomes with implant-retained extraoral prostheses: survival rates and prosthetic complications. J Prosthet Dent. 2010; 103:118-26.
  10. Eleni PN, Krokida MK, Polyzois GL, Gettleman L. Effect of different disinfecting procedures on the hardness and color stability of two maxillofacial elastomers over time. J Appl Oral Sci. 2013; 21:278–283.
  11. Barnabe W, De Mendonca NT, Pimenta FC, Pegoraro LF, Scolaro JM. Efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and coconut soap used as disinfecting agents in the reduction of denture stomatitis, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. J Oral Rehabil. 2004; 31:453–459.
  12. Pigno MA, Goldschmidt MC, Lemon JC. The efficacy of antifungal agents incorporated into a facial prosthetic silicone elastomer. J Prosthet Dent. 1994; 71:295-300.
  13. Beyth N, Houri-Haddad Y, Domb A, Khan W, Hazan R. Alternative Antimicrobial Approach: Nano-Antimicrobial Materials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:246012.
  14. Akiba N, Hayakawa I, Keh En-S, Watanabe A. Antifungal Effects of a Tissue Conditioner Coating Agent with TiO2 Photocatalyst. J Med Dent Sci. 2005; 52:223–227.
  15. Sodagar A, Khalil S, Kassaee MZ, Shahroudi AS, Pourakbari B, Bahador A. Antimicrobial properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) acrylic resins incorporated with silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on cariogenic bacteria. J Orthodont Sci. 2016; 5:7-13.
  16. Li B, Zhao YM, Yang JC, Han Y, Dong ZW. Effect of Candida albicans growth on silicone elastomer containing nano-TiO2. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2008;43:367-9.
  17. Lin G, Tian M, Lu YL, Zhang XJ, Zhang LQ. Morphology, Antimicrobial and Mechanical Properties of Nano-TiO2/Rubber Composites Prepared by Direct Blending. Polymer Journal. 2006; 38:498–502.
  18. Wang LL, Sun T, Zhou SY, Shao LQ. The Antibacterial Activities of Ag/Nano-TiO2 Modified Silicone Elastomer. Acta Physica Polonica A. 2014; 2:125-248
  19. Pal KS, Ranganath LM, Gaikwad AV, Sarapur S, Jain SK. Nanoparticles in Prosthodontics -boon or bane - Review Paper. Journal of Oral Care and Research . 2015; 3:32-39.
  20. Choi JY, Kim KH, Choy KC, Oh KT, Kim KN. Photocatalytic antibacterial effect of TiO2 film formed on Ti and TiAg exposed to Lactobacillus acidophilus. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2007; 80:353-9.
  21. Sunada K, Watanabe T, Hashimoto K. Studies on photokilling of bacteria on TiO2 thin film. J Photochem Photobiol A: Chemistry. 2003; 156:227-233.
  22. Kubo Y, Ochi M, Sawada N, et al. Antifungal Effect of titanium dioxide photocatalysis on Candida albicans. JJpn Dent Products. 2001; 15:16-21.
  23. Wang RM, Wang BY, He YF, Lv WH, Wang JF. Preparation of composited Nano-TiO2 and its application on antimicrobial and self-cleaning coatings. Polym Adv Technol. 2010;21:331-6.
  24. Skocaj M, Filipic M, Petkovic J, Novak S. Titanium dioxide in our everyday life; is it safe? Radiol Oncol. 2011;45:227-47.
  25. Al-Askari KS, Ariffin Z, Husein A, Reza F. Comparison of Microbial Adherence to Silicone Elastomers for MaxilloFacial Prostheses. World J. Med. Sci . 2014; 11:161-165.
  26. Martins NCT, Ângeloa J, Girãob AV, Trindadeb T, Andradea L, Mendesa A. N-doped carbon quantum dots/TiO2 composite with improved photocatalytic activity. Appl Catalysis B Environ 2016;193:67-74.
  27. AL Anbeaki RA, Hameed FR, Gassim FAG. Antifungal Activity of Titanum Dioxide Photocatalysis Against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici. Euphrates J Agric Sc 2009;1:14-26.
  28. Zayed SMK. Effect of adding silicone dioxide nano particles on maxillofacial prosthesis silicone elastomer. Thesis submitted to department of prosthodontics faculty of dentistry- Alexandria University in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of master science in removable prosthodontics 2012.
  29. Haghighi F, Mohammadi SR, Mohammadi P, Hosseinkhani S, Shidpour R. Antifungal Activity of TiO2 nanoparticles and EDTA on Candida albicans Biofilms. Infect Epidemiol Med. 2013;1:33-8.
  30. Taylor RL, Liauw CM, Maryan C. The effect of resin/crosslinker ratio on the mechanical properties and fungal deterioration of a maxillofacial silicone elastomer. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2003;14:497-502.
  31. Chandra J, Mukherjee PK, Leidich SD, Faddoul FF, Hoyer LL, Douglas LJ, et al. Antifungal resistance of candidal biofilms formed on denture acrylic in vitro. J Dent Res. 2001;80:903-8.
  32. Waters M, Jagger R. Improved wettability of an experimental silicone rubber denture soft lining material. J Biomed Mater Res. 1999;48:765-71.
  33. Atif R, Inam F. Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers. J Nanotechnol. 2016;7:1174-96. 
  34. Wanga L, Liu Q, Jing D, Zhou S, Shao L. Biomechanical properties of nano-TiO2 addition to a medical silicone elastomer: The effect of artificial ageing. J Dent 2014;42:475-83.
  35. Zhu L, Meng Z, Ghosh T, Oh W. Enhanced Photocatalytic Efficiency of Nanoscale NiS2/TiO2 Catalysts Synthesized by Hydrothermal and Sol-gel Method. J Korean Ceram Soc. 2012;49:135-41.
  36. Fujishima A, Rao TN, Tryk DA. Titanium dioxide photocatalysis. J Photochem Photobiol. 2000;1:1-21.
  37. Blake DM, Maness P, Huang Z, Wolfrum EJ, Huang J. Application of the photocatalytic chemistry of titanium dioxide to disinfection and the killing of cancer cells. Separ Purif Methods.1999;28:1-50.
  38. Kuhn KP, Cahberny IF, Massholder K, Stickler M, Benz VW, Sonntag H, Erdinger L. Disinfection of surfaces by photocatalytic oxidation with titanium dioxide and UVA light. Chemosphere. 2003;53:71-7.
  39. Nian J, Teng H. Hydrothermal Synthesis of SingleCrystalline Anatase TiO2 Nanorods with Nanotubes as the Precursor. J Phys Chem B. 2006;110:4193-8.
  40. Ohno T, Sarukawa K, Tokieda K, Matsumura M. Morphology of a TiO2 Photocatalyst (Degussa, P-25) Consisting of Anatase and Rutile Crystalline Phases. J Catal. 2001;203:82-6

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics