El Rouby, S., Dowidar, K., Ahmed, A., Omar, T. (2019). OCCLUSAL CHARACTERISTICS IN A GROUP OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY IN ALEXANDRIA EGYPT. Alexandria Dental Journal, 44(1), 7-12. doi: 10.21608/adjalexu.2019.57566
Sara H. El Rouby; Karin Dowidar; Amel M. Ahmed; Tarek E.I. Omar. "OCCLUSAL CHARACTERISTICS IN A GROUP OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY IN ALEXANDRIA EGYPT". Alexandria Dental Journal, 44, 1, 2019, 7-12. doi: 10.21608/adjalexu.2019.57566
El Rouby, S., Dowidar, K., Ahmed, A., Omar, T. (2019). 'OCCLUSAL CHARACTERISTICS IN A GROUP OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY IN ALEXANDRIA EGYPT', Alexandria Dental Journal, 44(1), pp. 7-12. doi: 10.21608/adjalexu.2019.57566
El Rouby, S., Dowidar, K., Ahmed, A., Omar, T. OCCLUSAL CHARACTERISTICS IN A GROUP OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY IN ALEXANDRIA EGYPT. Alexandria Dental Journal, 2019; 44(1): 7-12. doi: 10.21608/adjalexu.2019.57566
OCCLUSAL CHARACTERISTICS IN A GROUP OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY IN ALEXANDRIA EGYPT
1Instructor at Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
2Professor at Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
3-Assistant professor at Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
4Professor at Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Cerebral palsy is the term given for a range of non-progressive syndromes of posture and motor impairment that results from an insult to the developing central nervous system. OBJECTIVES: Assess the occlusal characteristics in children with cerebral palsy and relate them to the degree of their neuromuscular deficit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 87 children with cerebral palsy and 84 healthy children from Alexandria, Egypt. Data were collected using a questionnaire and clinical examination. Questionnaire assessed socio-demographics and medical history. Clinical examination assessed facial profile, posterior occlusion, cuspid relationships, posterior crossbite and anterior incisor relationships. RESULTS: Class II cuspid relationship was statistically higher in cerebral palsy children than healthy control (P=0.02 for both sides). 29.9% of cerebral palsy children and 15.5% of healthy children had convex facial profile with significant difference (P=0.04). Cerebral palsy children were more likely to have open bite than healthy children (31.1% and 14.8% respectively) with a statically significant difference between both groups (P=0.02). The mean overjet (mm) was higher in cerebral palsy children than healthy children (2.87 and 2.23 mm respectively) with a statically significant difference (P=0.03) and the mean overbite (%) was also higher in cerebral palsy children than healthy children (40.65% and 25.47% respectively) with a significant difference(P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Cerebral palsy children had a convex facial profile with class II cuspid relationship in comparison to the healthy children. Anteriorly, cerebral palsy children exhibited an increased open bite with a higher significant mean number of overbite and overjet than healthy children. The posterior occlusal relationships in children with cerebral palsy were similar to that in healthy children. The severity of the neuromuscular deficit is a risk factor for the development of malocclusion in cerebral palsy children.
Koman LA, Smith BP, Shilt JS. Cerebral palsy. Lancet. 2004;363:1619-31.
Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, Leviton A. A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007;109:8-14.
Hirtz D, Thurman DJ, Gwinn-Hardy K, Mohamed M, Chaudhuri AR, Zalutsky R. How common are the “common” neurologic disorders? Neurology. 2007;68,326-37.
Yoshida M, Nakajima I, Uchida A. Effect of nitrous oxide on dental patients with cerebral palsy - using an electromyogram (EMG) from orofacial muscles as an index. J Oral Rehabil. 2003;30:324-33.
Yoshida M, Nakajima UYT, Nonaka T. Characteristics of lower-jaw-position sensation with respect to oral-jaw functions in patients with cerebral palsy. Pediatric Dent J. 2004;14:23-8.
Beckung E, Hagberg G. Neuroimpairments activity limitations, and participation restriction in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2002;44:309-16.
Dos Santos MTBR, Masiero D, Novo NF, Simionato MR. Oral conditions in children with cerebral palsy. J Dent Child. 2003;70:40-6.
Saadia AM. Development of occlusion and oral function in children. J Pedod. 1981;5:154-72.
Franklin DC, Luther F, Curzon ME. The prevalence of malocclusion in children with cerebral palsy. Eur J Orthod. 1996;18:637-43.
Miamoto CB, Ramos-Jorge ML, Pereira LJ, Paiva SM, Pordeus IA, Marques LS. Severity of malocclusion in patients with cerebral palsy: determinant factors. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138:394.e1-5.
Chandna P, Adlakha VK, Joshi JL. Oral status of a group of cerebral palsy children. J Dent Oral Hyg. 2011;3:18– 21.
Rosenbaum CH, McDonald RE, Levitt EE. Occlusion of cerebral-palsied children. J Dent Res. 1966;45:1696- 700.
Miller JB, Taylor PP. A survey of the oral health of a group of orthopedically handicapped children. ASDC J Dent Child. 1970;37:331-2.
Sinha N, Singh B, Chhabra KG, Patil S. Comparison of oral health status between children with cerebral palsy and normal children in India: a case-control study. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2015;19:78-82.
El Khatib AA, El Tekeya MM, El Tantawi MA, Omar T. Oral health status and behaviours of children with autism spectrum disorder: a case-control study. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2014;24:314–23.
Sankar C, Mundkur N. Cerebral palsy-definition, classification, etiology and early diagnosis. Indian J Pediatr. 2005;72:865-8.
Wood E, Rosenbaum P. The gross motor function classification system for cerebral palsy: A study of reliability and stability over time. Dev Med Child Neurol 2000;42:292–6.
Robert E. Moyers. Handbook of orthodontics. 4th ed. USA: Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc.; 1998.
Pinkham JR, Casamassimo PS, Mc Tigue GJ. Pediatric dentistry: infancy through adolescence. 4th ed. St. Louis: Elservier-Year Book Inc.; 2005.
Winter K, Baccaglini L, Tomar S. A review of malocclusion among individuals with mental and physical disabilities. Spec Care Dentist. 2008;28:19–26.
Carvalho RB, Mendes RF, Prado Jr RR, Moita Neto JM. Oral health and oral motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Spec Care Dentist. 2011;31:58-62.
Strodel BJ. The effects of spastic cerebral palsy on occlusion. J Dent Child. 1987;54:255-60.
Magnusson B. Oral conditions in a group of children with cerebral palsy. II. Orthodontic aspects. Odontologisk Revy. 1964;15:41-53.
Oredugba FA. Comparative oral health of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy and controls. J Disabil Oral Health. 2011;12:81–7.
Du RY, Mcgrath C, Yiu CK, King NM. Oral health in preschool children with cerebral palsy: A case-control community-based study. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2010;20:330-5.
Guerreiro PO, Garcias Gde L. Oral health conditions diagnostic in cerebral palsy individuals of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Cien Saude Colet 2009: 14: 1939–1946.
Lemos ACO, Katz CRT. Oral health conditions and access to dental treatment in patients with cerebral palsy treated at the reference center in Northeastern Brazil. Revista CEFAC. 2012; 14: 861-871.
Kirk J, Duyn MASVan. The relationship between oralmotor involvement and growth: A pilot study in a pediatric population with cerebral palsy. J Am Diet Assoc. 1984;84:555-9.
Wong V, Chung B, Hui S, Fong A, Lau C, Law B, et al. Cerebral palsy: correlation of risk factors and functional performance using the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM). J Child Neurol. 2004;19:887-93.
Santos MT, Biancardi M, Guare RO, Jardim JR. Caries prevalence in patients with cerebral palsy and the burden of caring for them. Spec Care Dentist. 2010;30:206-10.
Santos MT, Nogueira ML. Infantile reflexes and their effects on dental caries and oral hygiene in cerebral palsy individuals. J Oral Rehabil. 2005;32:880-5.
Schwartz S, Gisel EG, Clarke D, Haberfellner H. Association of occlusion with eating efficiency in children with cerebral palsy and moderate eating impairment. J Dent Child. 2003;70:33-9.