Sakr, S., Elba, G., Omar, S., Karam, S. (2018). EFFECT OF NEOSTIGMINE ADMINISTRATION ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE PAROTID SALIVARY GLAND IN RATS WITH INDUCED DIABETES. Alexandria Dental Journal, 43(1), 22-26. doi: 10.21608/adjalexu.2018.57597
Sally S. Sakr; Gehan A. Elba; Samia S. Omar; Sahar S. Karam. "EFFECT OF NEOSTIGMINE ADMINISTRATION ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE PAROTID SALIVARY GLAND IN RATS WITH INDUCED DIABETES". Alexandria Dental Journal, 43, 1, 2018, 22-26. doi: 10.21608/adjalexu.2018.57597
Sakr, S., Elba, G., Omar, S., Karam, S. (2018). 'EFFECT OF NEOSTIGMINE ADMINISTRATION ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE PAROTID SALIVARY GLAND IN RATS WITH INDUCED DIABETES', Alexandria Dental Journal, 43(1), pp. 22-26. doi: 10.21608/adjalexu.2018.57597
Sakr, S., Elba, G., Omar, S., Karam, S. EFFECT OF NEOSTIGMINE ADMINISTRATION ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE PAROTID SALIVARY GLAND IN RATS WITH INDUCED DIABETES. Alexandria Dental Journal, 2018; 43(1): 22-26. doi: 10.21608/adjalexu.2018.57597
EFFECT OF NEOSTIGMINE ADMINISTRATION ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE PAROTID SALIVARY GLAND IN RATS WITH INDUCED DIABETES
1BDS – Faculty of Dentistry - Alexandria University.
2Professor of Oral Biology – Faculty of dentistry – Alexandria University
3Professor and Head of Oral Biology Department - Faculty of Dentistry - Alexandria University.
Abstract
Introduction:Neostigmine is parasympathomimetic drug. It is commonly used for treatment of myasthenia gravis, glaucoma, urinary retention, xerostomia, and post-operative ileus. Parasympathomimetic drugs increase the rate of salivation. Dry mouth is a frequent clinical complain among diabetic patients. Objectives:The present study is designed to investigate the effect of neostigmine administration on the ultrastructure of the parotid salivary gland in rats with induced diabetes. Materials and methods: Twenty one adult male rats were divided into three equal groups (seven rats each) Group I: Control group, Group II: Induced diabetes group (with no treatment), Group III: Induced diabetes group (with Therapeutic doses of Neostigmine which were administered intramuscularly every other day for one month. Diabetes was induced by a single intravenous injection of Streptozotocin. After one month all rats were sacrificed and the parotid glands were excised and processed for scanning electron microscopy. Histomorphometric analysis of the number of the intra-cellular vacuoles was done, and the data obtained were statistically analyzed. Results There was a statistically significant difference between the studied groups regarding the diameter of secretory granules, as it was increased in neostigmine treated group and decreased in diabetic group. Also there was restoration of the density and organization of the nerve distribution adjacent to secretory acini in neostigmine treated group. Conclusions: The ultrastructural findings noticed in this study substantiate the use of Neostigmine in cases of diabetes associated xerostomia.
1. Moore PA, Guggenheimer J, Etzel KR, Weyant RJ, Orchard T. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Xerostomia, And Salivary Flow Rates. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001;92:281-91.
2. Lin CC, Sun SS, Kao A, Lee CC. Impaired Salivary Function In Patients With Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus With Xerostomia. J Diabetes Complications. 2002;16:176-9.
3. Grossi SG. Treatment of periodontal disease and control of diabetes: an assessment of the evidence and need for future research. Ann Periodontol. 2001;6:138-45.
4. Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(Suppl 1):S5-S20.
5. Cherry-Peppers G, Sorkin J, Andres R, Baum BJ, Ship JA. Salivary Gland Function and Glucose Metabolic Status. J Gerontol. 1992;47:M130-4.
6. Sreebny Lm, Yu A, Green A, Valdini A. Xerostomia in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1992;15:900-4.
7. Ben-Aryeh H, Serouya R, Kanter Y, Szargel R, Laufer D. Oral health and salivary composition in diabetic patients. J Diabetes Complications. 1993;7:57-62.
8. Sandberg GE, Wikblad KF. Oral dryness and peripheral neuropathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications. 2003;17:192-8.
9. Chávez EM, Borrell LN, Taylor JW, Ship JA. A longitudinal analysis of salivary flow in control subjects and older adults with type 2 diabetes. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001;91:166-73.
10. Chavez EM, Taylor GW, Borrell LN, Ship JA. Salivary Function And Glycemic Control In Older Persons With Diabetes. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;89:305-11.
11. Chomkhakhai U, Thanakun S, Khovidhunkit S-P, Khovidhunkit W, Thaweboon S. Oral health in thai patients with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2009;3:192-7.
12. Russotto SB. Asymptomatic parotid gland enlargement in diabetes mellitus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1981;52:594-8.
13. Katzung B. Basic and clinical pharmacology. 9th ed. New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw Hill; 2004. 101-7.
14. V Priya Nair, MB BS FRCA, Jennifer M Hunter, MB CHB PHD FRCA. Anticholinesterases and anticholinergic drugs. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. 2004;4:164-8.
15. Dziri L, Boussaad S, Tao N, Leblanc RM. Acetylcholinesterase complexation with Acetylthiocholine or Organophosphate at the Air/ Aqueous Interface: AFM and UV-Vis Studies. Langmuir. 1998; 14: 4853-9.
16. van Hooff M, van Baak MA, Schols M, Rahn KH. Study of salivary flow in borderline hypertension: Effects of drugs acting on structures innervated by the autonomic nervous system. J Clin Sci. 1984;66:599-604.
17. Pratt O, Ginnutt C. Autonomic Nervous System-Part II - Basic Pharmacology. 2006. Available at: http://www.anaesthesiauk.com/documents/ANS%20II.pdf
18. Wiseman LS, Faulds D. Oral pilocarpine: a review of its pharmacological properties and clinical potential in xerostomia. Drugs. 1995;49:143-55.
19. Davies AN, Thompson J. Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(10):CD003782.
20. Ramli E, Yasear A, Sultan A. Structural histological changes in the parotid salivary gland of rabbit treated with neostigmine. J Basic Med Allied Sci. 2013;1:1-15.
21. Lachin JM. Introduction to sample size determination and power analysis for clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1981;2:93-113.
22. Ibuki FK, Simões A, Nogueira FN. Antioxidant enzymatic defense in salivary glands of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: A temporal study. Cell Biochem Funct. 2010;28:503-8.
25. ANOVA, Split-plot. Statistical computing: an introduction to data analysis using S-Plus, 2002.
26. Hakim SG, Kosmhl H, Lauer I, Nadrowitz R, Wedel T, Sieg P. A comparative study on the protection profile of lidocaine, amifostine and pilocarpine on the parotid gland during radiotherapy. Cancer Res. 2005;65:10486-93. Available at: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/65/22/10486.full-text.pdf
27. Johnson JT, Ferretti GA, Nethery WJ. Oral pilocarpine for post-irradiation xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:390-5.
28. Gravenmade EJ, Roukema PA, Panders AK. The effects of mucin containing artificial saliva on sever xerostomia. Int J Oral Surg. 1974;3:435-9.
29. Roesink JM, Konings AWT, TerHaard CH, Battermann JJ, Campinga HH, Coppes RP. Preservation of the rat parotid gland function after radiation by prophylactic pilocarpine treatment: radiation dose dependency and compensatory mechanisms. Int Radiat Oncol Biol Physiol. 1999;45:483-9.
30. Coppes RP, Zeilstra LJ, Vissink A, Konings AWT. Muscarinic receptor stimulation increases tolerance of rat salivary gland function to radiation damage. Int J Radiat Biol. 1997;72:240-7.
31. Nanci A. Ten Cate's oral Histology-Development, structure and function. 6th ed. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier; 2003. 299-328.
32. Pratt NE, Sodicoff M, Liss J, Davis M, Sinesi M. Radioprotection of the rat parotid gland by WR-2721: morphology at 60 days post-irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1980;6:431-5.
33. Kyriacou K, Garrett JR. Morphological changes in the rabbit submandibular gland after parasympathetic or sympathetic denervation. Arch Oral Biol. 1988;33:281-90.
34. Cope GH, Williams MA. Exocrine secretion in the parotid gland. A sterological analysis at the electron microscopic level of the zymogen granule content before and after isoprenaline induced degranulation. J Anat. 1973;116:269-84.
35. Mills JW, Quanton PM. Formation of stimulus induced vacuoles in serous cells of tracheal submucosal gland. Am J Physiol Cell Biol. 1981;241:C18-C24.
36. Watanabi I, Seguchi H, Oxada T, Kobayashi T, Jin QS, Jiang XD. Fine structure of the acinar and duct cell component in the parotid and submandibular glands of rat: TEM, SEM, and HR SEM study. Histol Histopathol. 1996;II:103-10.
37. Hammel I, Shor-Hazan O, Elder T, Amihhai D, Lew S. Morphometric studies of secretory granule formation in mouse pancreatic acinar cells, Dissecting the early structural changes following pilocarpine injection. J Anat. 1999;194:51-60.
38. Schramm M, Slinger Z. The function of α- and β- adrenergic receptors and a cholinergic receptor in the secretory cells of rat parotid gland. In Adv Cytopharmacol. 1974;2:29-32.
39. Garrett JR. The proper role of nerves in salivary secretion: A review. J Dent Res. 1987;66:387-97.
40. Garrett JR, Thulin A, Kidd A. Variations in parasympathetic secretory and structural responses resulting from differences in prestimulation state of parotid acini in rats. Cell Tissue Res. 1978;188:235-50.
41. Fox PC, Vander Ven PF, Baum BJ, Mandel ID. Pilocarpine for the treatment of xerostomia associated with salivary gland dysfunction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1986;61:243-5.