EXPRESSION OF BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN- 2 UNDER SIMVASTATIN THERAPY AFTER CYCLOSPORIN -A- INDUCED ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS IN RATS

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 - Master student at the Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University

2 - Professor of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University

3 Professor of Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University

4 Lecturer of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University

Abstract

Introduction: Cyclosporin-A- has been used as an immunosuppressant to prevent the rejection of organ transplants. However, alveolar bone loss is an important negative side-effect of this drug. Simvastatin, a hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, is known to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis. It has advanced effects on bone formation in vivo and in vitro. So, we evaluated the expression of BMP 2 after administration of simvastatin in cyclosporin -A-associated alveolar bone loss in rats. Objective: To evaluate the effect of simvastatin and cyclosporin -A- on Alveolar bone by investigating the expression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein -2 (BMP-2) using Immunohistochemical and Image analysis investigation methods. Materials and methods: 24 adult male albino rats were divided into 3 groups: Group I: control group; 4 rats, Group II: cyclosporine -A- group; 10 rats (10 mg/kg) daily subcutaneous injection, Group III: Cyclosporin –A /Simvastatin group; 10 rats, simvastatin was taken orally daily (20mg/kg/day). Two rats from the control group and 5 rats from each of the studied experimental groups (group II & III) were sacrificed on days 15 and 30 consecutively, and examined using Immunohistochemical method, and Image analysis. Results: Immunohistochemical results revealed strong expression of BMP 2 in osteoblasts, osteocytes after simvastatin administration and weak expression in CsA. The same results were statistically significant in Immunohistochemical Optical Density (IOD) results. Histomorphometrical analysis of bone volume showed a significant increase in bone volume in simvastatin group than CsA group, and significant decrease in CsA than control. Conclusion: we can conclude that Simvastatin counteract the adverse effect of CsA induced alveolar bone loss by induction of BMP 2 in osteoblasts and osteocytes that induced new bone formation.

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