SCANINING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC EVALUATION OF CHITOSAN NANOHYDROXYAPATITE SCAFFOLD FOR SOCKET HEALING IN RABBITS WITH INDUCED OSTEOPOROSIS

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Lecturer, Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University

2 Professor of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University

3 Lecturer of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Significant development has been achieved with bioceramics and biopolymer scaffolds in the construction of artificial bone. In the present study, Chitosan– nanohydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) scaffolds have been developed as bone graft substitutes in rabbits with induced osteoporosis.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of Chitosan- nanohydroxyapatite (CS/nHA) scaffold in bone tissue regeneration of extracted socket in rabbits with induced osteoporosis; using Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive x-ray analysis [EDXA].
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty NewZealand white female rabbits were randomly divided into 2 equal groups; group A (osteoporosis) with no graft material, and group B (osteoporosis with CS/nHA). After the experimental period the animals were sacrificed at 2 & 4 weeks. The effect of CS/Nha was evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersed x-ray analysis [EDXA]. The data obtained was tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis.
RESULTS: Scanning Electron Microscopic results revealed more trabecular bone thickness with regular bone surface, and uniform osteocyte lacunae in the group B (osteoporosis with CS/nHA) than group A (osteoporosis), and these results were proved by EDXA which showed more Ca and P ratio in the group B than group A.
CONCLUSIONS: CS/nHA scaffold is considered an effective hard tissue engineering material with sufficient interconnected porosity and mechanical strength to allow cell adhesion, migration, growth and proliferation resulting in good integration with surrounding tissues, and rapid bone healing, thus it might be used in osteoporotic condition.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Porter AL, Youtie J, Shapira P, Schoeneck DJ. Refining search terms for nanotechnology. J Nanopart Res.2008;10:715-28.
  2. Dvir T, Timko BP, Brigham MD, Naik SR, Karajanagi SS, Levy O, et al. Nanowired three-dimensional cardiac patches. Nat Nanotechnol.2011;6:720-5.
  3. Taylor E, Webster TJ. Reducing infections through nanotechnology and nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine. 2011;6:1463-73.
  4. Paul W, Sharma CP. Nanoceramic Matrices: Biomedical Applications. Am J Biochem Biotechnol. 2006;41-48.
  5. McMahon RE, Wang L, Skoracki R, Mathur AB. Development of nanomaterials for bone repair and regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater.2013;101:387-97.
  6. Groeneveld EH, van den Bergh JP, Holzmann P, ten Bruggenkate CM, Tuinzing DB, Burger EH. Mineralization processes in demineralized bone matrix grafts in human maxillary sinus floor elevations. J BiomedMater Res.1999;48:393-402.
  7. Bezzi G, Celotti G, Landi E, La Torretta T, SopyanI, Tampieri A. A novel sol-gel technique for hydroxyapatite preparation. Mater Chem Phys. 2003;78: 816-24.
  8. Koutsopoulos S. Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite crystals: a review study on the analytical methods. J Biomed Mater Res.2002;600-12.
  9. Lee JS, Baek SD, Venkatesan J, Bhatnaga I, Chang HK, Kim HT, et al. In vivo study of chitosan-natural nano hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol.2014;67:360-6.
  10. Thein-Han WW, Misra RD. Biomimetic chitosannanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater. 2009;5:1182-97.
  11. Konishi S, Nakamura H, Seki M, Nagayama R, Yamano Y. Hydroxyapatite granule graft combined with recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 for solidlumbar fusion. J Spinal Disord Tech.2002;15:237-44.
  12. Chen F, Wang ZC, Lin CJ. Preparation and characterization of nano-sized hydroxyapatiteparticles and hydroxyapatite/chitosan nano-composite for usein biomedical materials. Mater Lett.2002;57:858-61.
  13. Chen F, Lam WM, Lin CJ, Qiu GX, Wu ZH, Luk KD, et al. Biocompatibility of electrophoretical deposition of nanostructured hydroxyapatite coating on roughen titanium surface: in vitro evaluation using mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater.2007;82:183-91.
  14. Mincea M, Negrulescu A, Ostafe V. Preparation, modification, and applications of chitin nanowhiskers: a review. Rev Adv Mater Sci.2012;30:225-42
  15. Pallela R, Venkatesan J, Janapala VR, Kim SK. Biophysicochemical evaluation of chitosan-hydroxyapatitemarine sponge collagen composite for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2012;486-95.
  16. Huang H, Feng Q, Yu B, Li S. Biomimetic properties of an injectable chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composite. Mater Sci Eng C.2011;31:683-7.
  17. Duncan EL, Brown MA. Genetic studies in osteoporosisthe end of the beginning. Arthritis Res Ther.2008;10:214.
  18. Huang QY, Kung AWC. Genetics of osteoporosis. Mol Genet Metab Rep. 2006;88:295-306.
  19. Noor Z, Substitution and incorporation of atomic minerals,hydroxyapatite crystale and microstructure of osteoporosis bone. Ph.D. Thesis. Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, East Java Malang, Indonesia. 2011.
  20. Canalis E. Mechanism of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2003;15: 454-7.
  21. Karring T, Lang NP, Lindhe J. Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry. 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2003.
  22. Baofeng L, Zhi Y, Bei C, Guolin M, Qingshui Y, Jian L. Characterization of a rabbit osteoporosis model induced by ovariectomy and glucocorticoid. Acta Orthop.2010;81:396- 401.
  23. Navia JM, University of Alabama Press. Animal models in dental research. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1977;17:82-83.
  24. Muhlhausler BS, Bloomfield FH, Gillman MW. Whole animal experiments should be more like human randomized controlled trials. PLoS Biol.2013;11: e1001481.
  25. Lin T, Liu J, Yang S, Liu X, Feng X, Fu D. Relation between the development of osteoporosis and osteonecrosis following glucocorticoid in a rabbit model. Indian J Orthop.2016;50:406-13.
  26. Kotsakis G, Chrepa V, Marcou N, Prasad H, Hinrichs J. Flapless alveolar ridge preservation utilizing the ''socketplug'' technique: clinical technique and review of the literature. J Oral Implantol 2012.
  27. Kotz S, Balakrishnan N, Read CB, Vidakovic B. Encyclopedia of statistical sciences. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience; 2006.
  28. Svedbom A. Hernlund E. Ivergård M. Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Osteoporosis in Austria; A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Arch Osteoporos. 2013;8:137.
  29. Weinstein RS. Clinical practice. Glucocorticoid-induced bone disease. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:62.
  30. Eberhardt AW, Yeager-Jones A, Blair HC. Regional trabecular bone matrix degeneration and osteocyte death in femora of glucocorticoid-treated rabbits. Endocrinology.2001;142:1333-40.
  31. Araújo MG, Silva CO, Misawa M, Sukekava F. Alveolar socket healing: what can we learn? Periodontology 2000. 2015;68:122-34.
  32. Nicklas W, Baneux P, Boot R, Decelle T, Deeny AA, Fumanelli M, et al. Recommendations for the health monitoring of rodent and rabbit colonies in breeding and experimental units. Lab Anim. 2002;36:20-42.
  33. Fisher JP, Lalani Z, Bossano CM, Brey EM, Demian N, Johnston CM, et al. Effect of biomaterial properties on bone healing in a rabbit tooth extraction socket model. J Biomed Mater Res A.2004;68:428-38.
  34. Nandi SK, Roy S, Mukherjee P, Kundu B, De DK, Basu D. Orthopaedic applications of bone graft & graft substitutes: a review. Indian J Med Res.2010;132:15-30.
  35. Woodard JR, Hilldore AJ, Lan SK, Park CJ, Morgan AW, Eurell JA. et al. The mechanical properties and osteoconductivity of hydroxyapatite bone scaffolds with multi-scale porosity. Biomaterials.2007;28:45-54.
  36. Uskoković V, Uskoković DP. Nanosized hydroxyapatite and other calcium phosphates: Chemistry of formation and application as drug and gene delivery agents. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater.2011;96:152-91.
  37. Kong L, Gao Y, Guangyuan LU, Gong Y, Zhao N, Zhang X. A study on the bioactivity of chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Eur Polym J 2006;42:3171-9.
  38. Zhao R, Xie P, Zhang K, Tang Z, Chen X, Zhu X, et al. Selective effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on osteoporotic and healthy bone formation correlates with intracellular calcium homeostasis regulation. Acta Biomater.2017;59:338-50.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics